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Author: Carpenter, Susan A.

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1.	Baker, Paula C. Carpenter, Susan A. Crowley, Joan E. D'Amico, Ronald Choongsoo, Kim Morgan, William R. Wielgosz, John B.
1.	Pathways to the Future, Volume IV: A Report on the National Longitudinal Surveys of Youth Labor Market Experience in 1982 Revised, April 1984. Columbus OH: Center for Human Resource Research, The Ohio State University, 1984 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Center for Human Resource Research Keyword(s): Comprehensive Employment and Training Act (CETA); Educational Attainment; Employment; High School Dropouts; Job Search; Job Training; Racial Differences; Schooling, Post-secondary; Training, Post-School; Wages, Reservation The fourth wave of data from the NLSY is analyzed. The nature and consequences of high school employment,the effectiveness of job search and job finding methods among young people, the relationship of race to employment and educational attainment, the long-term effects of participation in government-sponsored employment and training programs, and the determinants and consequences of dropping out of high school in an overeducated society are investigated. A longitudinal study of reservation wages, duration of job search and subsequent wages is presented, based on an empirical econometric analysis. D'Amico & Baker - Chapter One: The Nature and Consequences of High School Employment. Kim - Chapter Two: A Longitudinal Study of Reservation Wages, Duration of Job Search, and Subsequent Wages: An Empirical Econometric Analysis. Wielgosz & Carpenter - Chapter Three: The Effectiveness of Job Search and Job Finding Methods of Young Americans. Crowley - Chapter Four: Long Term Outcomes of Government-Subsidized Employment and Training Programs. Crowley - Chapter Five: Long Term Outcomes of Goverment-Subsidized Employment and Training Programs. Morgan - Chaper Six: The High School Dropout in an Overeducatedc Society.
	Bibliography Citation Baker, Paula C., Susan A. Carpenter, Joan E. Crowley, Ronald D'Amico, Kim Choongsoo, William R. Morgan and John B. Wielgosz. Pathways to the Future, Volume IV: A Report on the National Longitudinal Surveys of Youth Labor Market Experience in 1982. Revised, April 1984. Columbus OH: Center for Human Resource Research, The Ohio State University, 1984.

2.	Borus, Michael E. Carpenter, Susan A.
2.	A Note on the Return of Dropouts to High School Youth and Society 14,4 (June 1983): 501-507. Also: http://yas.sagepub.com/content/14/4/501 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Sage Publications Keyword(s): Educational Costs; High School; High School Dropouts; Teenagers Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. High school age dropouts who return to school each year are studied to test the hypothesis that the same variables leading to dropping out of school influence the decision to return to school. Findings show that older youth and those unable to specify their curriculum were less likely to return, and that young people expecting to attend college, as well as those who were never married, were more likely to return. In addition, youth living in countries where local government expenditures per student were over $975 were more likely to return than youth from countries where less was spent on schools. These findings contrast sharply with the many significant factors found affecting dropping out of school. Only age, intention not to attend college, and not being able to specify a curriculum were significant variables. They were positively related to dropping out and negatively related to returning to school. These findings suggest that the return to school decision is in many respects a random individual event.
	Bibliography Citation Borus, Michael E. and Susan A. Carpenter. "A Note on the Return of Dropouts to High School." Youth and Society 14,4 (June 1983): 501-507.

3.	Borus, Michael E. Carpenter, Susan A. Crowley, Joan E. Daymont, Thomas N. Kim, Choongsoo Pollard, Tom K. Rumberger, Russell W. Santos, Richard
3.	Pathways to the Future, Volume II: A Final Report on the National Survey of Youth Labor Market Experience in 1980 Report, Columbus OH: Center for Human Resource Research, The Ohio State University, 1982 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Center for Human Resource Research Keyword(s): Blue-Collar Jobs; Delinquency/Gang Activity; Dropouts; Marital Status; Teenagers; Unemployment; Vocational Education; Wages, Reservation This is the final report on the 1980 data from the NLSY derived from interviews with 12,141 young people, age 15- 23. Topics examined include: SANTOS -- Chapter 1, the variables affecting the employment prospects of unemployed youth; POLLARD -- Chapter 2, the changes in employment patterns of black and white young men in the decade of the 1970s; KIM -- Chapter 3, the changing patterns in wage and reservation wage differentials for black and white young men during the 1970s; BORUS & CARPENTER -- Chapter 4, the variables affecting the decision to drop out of school without finishing the 12th grade, the decision to return to school after having dropped out, and the decision to go directly to college after completing the 12th grade; RUMBERGER & DAYMONT -- Chapter 5, the effects of high school curriculum on labor market success; and CROWLEY -- Chapter 6, the relationship between delinquency and employment status.
	Bibliography Citation Borus, Michael E., Susan A. Carpenter, Joan E. Crowley, Thomas N. Daymont, Choongsoo Kim, Tom K. Pollard, Russell W. Rumberger and Richard Santos. Pathways to the Future, Volume II: A Final Report on the National Survey of Youth Labor Market Experience in 1980. Report, Columbus OH: Center for Human Resource Research, The Ohio State University, 1982.

4.	Wielgosz, John B. Carpenter, Susan A.
4.	Effectiveness of Job Search and Job Finding Methods of Young Americans Report, Columbus OH: Center for Human Resource Research, The Ohio State University, 1983 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Center for Human Resource Research Keyword(s): Career Patterns; Employment, Youth; Job Search This study examines whether particular methods of job search exert a significant influence on the duration of job search and the level of job satisfaction of young Americans. It is well established that informal methods of job search are very important in the job search process. The reasons for this importance, however, are not at all clear. Previous studies that have examined the effectiveness of job search methods have been rather limited. They have tended to use rather narrow definitions of effectiveness and have not adequately controlled for the variety of personal and labor market characteristics that might impinge on method effectiveness. This study attempts to overcome many of these problems. The authors conclude that search methods do indeed significantly influence the duration of job search, with the informal methods performing significantly better than the state employment service. However, no evidence was found to support the often-espoused view that informal methods convey a particular type of intensive and qualitative information which makes for greater job satisfaction.
	Bibliography Citation Wielgosz, John B. and Susan A. Carpenter. "Effectiveness of Job Search and Job Finding Methods of Young Americans." Report, Columbus OH: Center for Human Resource Research, The Ohio State University, 1983.

5.	Wielgosz, John B. Carpenter, Susan A.
5.	The Effectiveness of Alternative Methods of Searching for Jobs and Finding Them: An Exploratory Analysis of the Data Bearing Upon Coping with Joblessness American Journal of Economics and Sociology 46,2 (April 1987): 151-164. Also: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1536-7150.1987.tb01951.x/abstract Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: American Journal of Economics and Sociology, Inc. Keyword(s): Job Satisfaction; Job Search; Unemployment, Youth Although job search has an impact on both the extent and the duration of unemployment, little is known about the relative effectiveness of alternative job search methods. Using data derived mainly from the 1982 NLSY, job search methods are examined to determine their effect on search duration and job satisfaction. Job search methods do seem to differ significantly in influencing job search duration. In all cases, significantly shorter job search durations were associated with the use of informal channels. Some have held that informal job search channels convey a particular type of qualitative information that produces a better job choice. The data, however, did not support the widely held view that informal job search methods had a positive effect on job satisfaction. The occupation and industry variables appear to be the main variables influencing job satisfaction. [ABI/Inform]
	Bibliography Citation Wielgosz, John B. and Susan A. Carpenter. "The Effectiveness of Alternative Methods of Searching for Jobs and Finding Them: An Exploratory Analysis of the Data Bearing Upon Coping with Joblessness." American Journal of Economics and Sociology 46,2 (April 1987): 151-164.

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