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Author: Christ, Sharon L.
Resulting in 3 citations.
1. Fernandez, Cristina
Christ, Sharon L.
LeBlanc, William G.
Arheart, Kristopher L.
Dietz, Noella A.
McCollister, Kathryn E.
Fleming, Lora E.
Muennig, Peter
Muntaner, Carles
Lee, David J.
Childhood Trauma and Its Influence on Occupational Prestige in Young Adulthood
Presented: Boston MA, American Public Health Association Annual Meeting and Expo, November 2013
Cohort(s): NLSY97
Publisher: American Public Health Association
Keyword(s): Bullying/Victimization; Childhood; Occupational Prestige; Racial Differences; School Characteristics/Rating/Safety; Trauma/Death in family

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Introduction: Childhood trauma is associated with numerous long-term mental health consequences. However, there is a lack of research examining its effect on future occupational prestige, the shared belief about the “worthiness” of a profession.

Methods: Data were analyzed from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997, a nationally representative prospective survey. Our sample is comprised of youth aged 12-16 at baseline in 1997 and interviewed annually through 2009 (ages 24-28; N=7,772). Cumulative self-reported childhood trauma was summed across five areas: 1) violent crime; 2) bullying; 3) gun violence; 4) perceived school safety; and 5) threatened violence. After each participant turned 18, his/her yearly 2002 Census job code was assigned a yearly occupational prestige score based on the 1989 General Social Survey rankings. Covariate-adjusted marginal linear regression models were used to estimate the effects of trauma and covariates on prestige for different race/ethnicity (white, Black, Hispanic) and gender subgroups.

Results: Results indicated that white females (mean=1.17±standard error =0.19; p<0.00) and white males (mean=0.35±0.18; p=0.04) lost the most prestige points in future occupations for every childhood traumatic occurrence. More traumatic occurrences resulted in a slower growth in occupational prestige over time for white females, with each additional victimization occurrence associated with an annual loss in prestige of 0.29 points (p<0.05).

Discussion: Results indicate that white males and females were the most severely affected groups with respect to their future occupation. Psychological and other social interventions specifically designed to mitigate the consequences of childhood trauma may positively impact future socioeconomic status.

Bibliography Citation
Fernandez, Cristina, Sharon L. Christ, William G. LeBlanc, Kristopher L. Arheart, Noella A. Dietz, Kathryn E. McCollister, Lora E. Fleming, Peter Muennig, Carles Muntaner and David J. Lee. "Childhood Trauma and Its Influence on Occupational Prestige in Young Adulthood." Presented: Boston MA, American Public Health Association Annual Meeting and Expo, November 2013.
2. Fernandez, Cristina
Christ, Sharon L.
LeBlanc, William G.
Arheart, Kristopher L.
Dietz, Noella A.
McCollister, Kathryn E.
Fleming, Lora E.
Muntaner, Carles
Muennig, Peter
Lee, David J.
Effect of Childhood Victimization on Occupational Prestige and Income Trajectories
PLOS ONE published online (27 February 2015): DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115519.
Also: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0115519
Cohort(s): NLSY97
Publisher: PLOS
Keyword(s): Bullying/Victimization; Childhood Adversity/Trauma; Income; Occupational Prestige

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Background: Violence toward children (childhood victimization) is a major public health problem, with long-term consequences on economic well-being. The purpose of this study was to determine whether childhood victimization affects occupational prestige and income in young adulthood. We hypothesized that young adults who experienced more childhood victimizations would have less prestigious jobs and lower incomes relative to those with no victimization history. We also explored the pathways in which childhood victimization mediates the relationships between background variables, such as parent's educational impact on the socioeconomic transition into adulthood.

Methods: A nationally representative sample of 8,901 young adults aged 18-28 surveyed between 1999-2009 from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 (NLSY) were analyzed. Covariate-adjusted multivariate linear regression and path models were used to estimate the effects of victimization and covariates on income and prestige levels and on income and prestige trajectories. After each participant turned 18, their annual 2002 Census job code was assigned a yearly prestige score based on the 1989 General Social Survey, and their annual income was calculated via self-reports. Occupational prestige and annual income are time-varying variables measured from 1999-2009. Victimization effects were tested for moderation by sex, race, and ethnicity in the multivariate models.

Results: Approximately half of our sample reported at least one instance of childhood victimization before the age of 18. Major findings include 1) childhood victimization resulted in slower income and prestige growth over time, and 2) mediation analyses suggested that this slower prestige and earnings arose because victims did not get the same amount of education as non-victims.

Bibliography Citation
Fernandez, Cristina, Sharon L. Christ, William G. LeBlanc, Kristopher L. Arheart, Noella A. Dietz, Kathryn E. McCollister, Lora E. Fleming, Carles Muntaner, Peter Muennig and David J. Lee. "Effect of Childhood Victimization on Occupational Prestige and Income Trajectories." PLOS ONE published online (27 February 2015): DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115519.
3. Ocasio, Manuel A.
Fleming, Lora E.
LeBlanc, William G.
Christ, Sharon L.
Caban-Martinez, Alberto J.
Arheart, Kristopher L.
Hollenbeck, Julie
Lee, David J.
Sestito, John
Young Worker Occupational Surveillance in the United States: Opportunities and Challenges
Presented: Boston MA, American Public Health Association Annual Meeting and Expo, November 2013
Cohort(s): NLSY97
Publisher: American Public Health Association
Keyword(s): Industrial Classification; Injuries, Workplace; Modeling, Structural Equation; National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES); National Health Interview Survey (NHIS); National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (AddHealth); Occupations

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Background: Young workers (≤24 years) are a large relatively unstudied population in the US. Most research focuses primarily on acute injuries, with limited research suggesting that employment as a youth may yield other benefits and risks in the long-term. Utilizing existing nationally-representative data, we examined multiple aspects of young worker health and future impacts of youth employment.

Methods: Using data from the National Health Interview Survey, the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, and the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, we have used analytic approaches ranging from descriptive statistics to advanced modeling techniques, including Structural Equation Modeling (www.umiamiorg.com). Young workers were examined by age, occupational and industry sector groupings and a range of health and psychosocial outcomes.

Results: A series of manuscripts and a monograph on young workers have been produced based on these publicly-available data. We highlight relevant findings and the challenges of utilizing these data. Opportunities for linkages with the National Death Index and O*Net to create enriched datasets to look at mortality and occupational exposures are explored.

Conclusions: There are many available datasets that can be used to study young worker health. However, each source comes with important limitations. In particular, most data sources are based on general purpose surveys that lack detailed information on work environment and occupation-specific exposures. Possible designs for a targeted nationally-representative study of young workers are proposed.

Bibliography Citation
Ocasio, Manuel A., Lora E. Fleming, William G. LeBlanc, Sharon L. Christ, Alberto J. Caban-Martinez, Kristopher L. Arheart, Julie Hollenbeck, David J. Lee and John Sestito. "Young Worker Occupational Surveillance in the United States: Opportunities and Challenges." Presented: Boston MA, American Public Health Association Annual Meeting and Expo, November 2013.