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Author: Garvey, Nancy

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1.	Garvey, Nancy
1.	Job Investment, Actual and Expected Labor Supply, and the Earnings of Young Women Ph.D. Dissertation, Columbia University, 1980 Cohort(s): Young Men, Young Women Publisher: UMI - University Microfilms, Bell and Howell Information and Learning Keyword(s): Children; Earnings; Fertility; Human Capital Theory; Job Tenure; Schooling; Vocational Education; Wage Gap; Work Experience; Work History Using human capital theory, this thesis investigates the relationship between patterns of work experience, actual and planned and the wages of young women. The results support the hypothesis that more attached workers invest more in general training and consequently earn more than less attached workers. The initial earnings capacity of more attached women is also found to be greater. Consequently, their wage profiles are not only steeper but also consistently above the wage profiles of less attached women. In addition, the labor force withdrawal associated with the birth of the first child is found to significantly decrease earnings; the size of this depreciation effect diminishes after women return to work and are able to restore their previous skills and make additional investment. Young men were found to invest more than young women in both general and specific training, but the relative magnitude of their investments is most similar to that of young women with stronger lifetime labor force attachment. Finally, very little of the wage gap between young women and men is explained by differences in work experience or investments.
	Bibliography Citation Garvey, Nancy. Job Investment, Actual and Expected Labor Supply, and the Earnings of Young Women. Ph.D. Dissertation, Columbia University, 1980.

2.	Garvey, Nancy Reimers, Cordelia
2.	Predicted vs. Potential Work Experience in an Earnings Function for Young Women Research in Labor Economics 3 (1980): 99-127 Cohort(s): Young Women Publisher: JAI Press, Inc. Keyword(s): Children; Current Population Survey (CPS) / CPS-Fertility Supplement; Earnings; Health Factors; Marriage; Schooling; Work Experience When an earnings function is estimated and data on actual work experience are unavailable, potential work experience--age minus educational attainment minus 5 (or 6)--is often substituted for actual experience. This paper explores the biases introduced by this procedure and proposes that predicted experience, based on demographic information, be used instead. Using NLS data, we estimate a predicting equation, by both OLS and Tobit methods, for women under age 30. We then compare the estimated earnings functions using potential, predicted, and actual work experience, and we find that the coefficients estimated using potential experience differ substantially from those estimated using either predicted or actual experience, whereas the latter are very close together. Moreover, the bias introduced by using potential experience varies by race.
	Bibliography Citation Garvey, Nancy and Cordelia Reimers. "Predicted vs. Potential Work Experience in an Earnings Function for Young Women." Research in Labor Economics 3 (1980): 99-127.

3.	Reimers, Cordelia Garvey, Nancy
3.	Toward a Better Measure of Work Experience Working Paper No. 119, Industrial Relations Section, Princeton University, 1979 Cohort(s): Young Women Publisher: Industrial Relations Section, Princeton University Keyword(s): Job Tenure; Racial Differences; Research Methodology; Work History Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. This paper supports the use of the NLS as being one of the few data sets which provide measures of experience adequate for estimating an earning function as well as all the other data needed. Using the Young Women's cohort, the authors specify equations to predict work experience. The results indicate that demographic information can be used to improve the prediction of experience over that resulting from the common practice of using "potential experience". Not only do race and health make significant differences to amount of experience, but it is also found that marriage and childbearing have significant effects on accumulated work experience of women even at relatively young ages. In light of the significant improvement of the linear estimating equation over the traditional method of estimating experience, the authors feel a Tobit estimation would improve the fit still further. Given data sets with sufficient detail on work histories, this general method could also be applied to provide better predicting equations for actual experience for men and older women.
	Bibliography Citation Reimers, Cordelia and Nancy Garvey. "Toward a Better Measure of Work Experience." Working Paper No. 119, Industrial Relations Section, Princeton University, 1979.

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