Search Results

Author: Hamad, Rita
Resulting in 4 citations.
1. Hamad, Rita
Brown, Daniel M.
Basu, Sanjay
The Association of County-level Socioeconomic Factors with Individual Tobacco and Alcohol Use: A Longitudinal Study of U.S. Adults
BMC Public Health 19 (December 2019): 390.
Also: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12889-019-6700-x
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Springer
Keyword(s): Alcohol Use; Cigarette Use (see Smoking); Geocoded Data; Local Area Unemployment; Socioeconomic Factors

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Place-based factors have been implicated as root causes of socioeconomic disparities in risky health behaviors such as tobacco and alcohol use. Yet few studies examine the effects of county-level socioeconomic characteristics, despite the fact that social and public health policies are often implemented at the county level. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that county-level socioeconomic disadvantage was associated with individual tobacco and alcohol use.
Bibliography Citation
Hamad, Rita, Daniel M. Brown and Sanjay Basu. "The Association of County-level Socioeconomic Factors with Individual Tobacco and Alcohol Use: A Longitudinal Study of U.S. Adults." BMC Public Health 19 (December 2019): 390.
2. Hamad, Rita
Cohen, Alison K.
Rehkopf, David
Changing National Guidelines Is Not Enough: The Impact of 1990 IOM Recommendations on Gestational Weight Gain among US Women
International Journal of Obesity 40 (2016): 1529-1534.
Also: https://www.nature.com/articles/ijo201697
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Nature Publishing Group
Keyword(s): Body Mass Index (BMI); Gestation/Gestational weight gain; Health Reform

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Background and Objectives: Gestational weight gain (GWG) is associated with both long- and short-term maternal and child health outcomes, particularly obesity. Targeting maternal nutrition through policies is a potentially powerful pathway to influence these outcomes. Yet prior research has often failed to evaluate national policies and guidelines that address maternal and child health. In 1990, the U.S. Institute of Medicine (IOM) released guidelines recommending different GWG thresholds based on women's pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), with the goal of improving infant birth weight. In this study, we employ quasi-experimental methods to examine whether the release of the IOM guidelines led to changes in GWG among a diverse and nationally representative sample of women.

Methods: Our sample included female participants of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth who self-reported GWG for pregnancies during 1979-2000 (n=7442 pregnancies to 4173 women). We compared GWG before and after the guidelines were released using difference-in-differences (DID) and regression discontinuity (RD) analyses.

Results: In DID analyses we found no reduction in GWG among overweight/obese women relative to normal/underweight women. Meanwhile, RD analyses demonstrated no changes in GWG by pre-pregnancy BMI for either overweight/obese or normal/underweight women. Results were similar for women regardless of educational attainment, race or parity.

Bibliography Citation
Hamad, Rita, Alison K. Cohen and David Rehkopf. "Changing National Guidelines Is Not Enough: The Impact of 1990 IOM Recommendations on Gestational Weight Gain among US Women." International Journal of Obesity 40 (2016): 1529-1534.
3. Hamad, Rita
Rehkopf, David
Poverty and Child Development: A Longitudinal Study of the Impact of the Earned Income Tax Credit
American Journal of Epidemiology 183,9 (1 May 2016): 775-784.
Also: http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/content/183/9/775.abstract
Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Keyword(s): Behavior Problems Index (BPI); Children, Poverty; Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC); Family Income; Home Observation for Measurement of Environment (HOME); Modeling, Fixed Effects; Modeling, Instrumental Variables; Socioeconomic Factors; State-Level Data/Policy

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Although adverse socioeconomic conditions are correlated with worse child health and development, the effects of poverty-alleviation policies are less understood. We examined the associations of the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) on child development and used an instrumental variable approach to estimate the potential impacts of income. We used data from the US National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (n = 8,186) during 1986-2000 to examine effects on the Behavioral Problems Index (BPI) and Home Observation Measurement of the Environment inventory (HOME) scores.
Bibliography Citation
Hamad, Rita and David Rehkopf. "Poverty and Child Development: A Longitudinal Study of the Impact of the Earned Income Tax Credit." American Journal of Epidemiology 183,9 (1 May 2016): 775-784.
4. Hamad, Rita
Rehkopf, David
Poverty, Pregnancy, and Birth Outcomes: A Study of the Earned Income Tax Credit
Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology 29,5 (September 2015): 444-452.
Also: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ppe.12211/abstract
Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79
Publisher: Blackwell Publishing, Inc. => Wiley Online
Keyword(s): Birthweight; Breastfeeding; CESD (Depression Scale); Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC); Health, Mental/Psychological; Health/Health Status/SF-12 Scale; Household Income; Modeling, Instrumental Variables; Pearlin Mastery Scale; Pre-natal Care/Exposure; Pre/post Natal Behavior; Pregnancy and Pregnancy Outcomes; Program Participation/Evaluation; Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) (see Self-Esteem); Rotter Scale (see Locus of Control)

The study sample includes women surveyed in the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (n = 2985) and their children born during 1986-2000 (n = 4683). Outcome variables include utilisation of prenatal and postnatal care, use of alcohol and tobacco during pregnancy, term birth, birthweight, and breast-feeding status. We first examine the health effects of both household income and EITC payment size using multivariable linear regressions. We then employ instrumental variables analysis to estimate the causal effect of income on perinatal health, using EITC payment size as an instrument for household income.
Bibliography Citation
Hamad, Rita and David Rehkopf. "Poverty, Pregnancy, and Birth Outcomes: A Study of the Earned Income Tax Credit." Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology 29,5 (September 2015): 444-452.