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The second paper, "The Influence of Height on Academic Outcomes," explores the relationship between height and educational achievement. Taller students earn higher grades, are more likely to graduate from high school, and attain more years of schooling. However, this height effect varies across school size: height has a stronger correlation with outcomes for students from bigger schools. These results imply that intelligence alone does not drive the association between height and outcomes. Differential access to activities such as school sports plays a role in driving these results.

Finally, the third paper, "The Effect of Menarche on Education: Explaining Black-White Differences," looks at the relationship between developmental timing in girls and their educational outcomes. A girl's developmental timing, marked by age at menarche, is strongly correlated with educational attainment. However, the direction of this correlation varies by race. Among the white population, delayed menarche is associated with improved educational outcomes while among the black population, it is associated with worse outcomes. Different responses to pregnancy driven by variance in marriage market quality across race can explain part of this relationship. Absent pregnancy, differing marriage patterns across race may also contribute to the trends between menarche and achievement. Evidence suggests that endogenous factors such as health, which influence both development and outcomes, can not explain the varying relationship between age at menarche and education across race.