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Author: Hokayem, Charles

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1.	Classen, Timothy J. Hokayem, Charles
1.	Childhood Influences of Youth Obesity Economics and Human Biology 3,2 (July 2005): 165-187. Also: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1570677X0500033X Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Publisher: Elsevier Keyword(s): Bias Decomposition; Body Mass Index (BMI); Obesity; Socioeconomic Factors; Variables, Independent - Covariate; Weight We develop a model to estimate the influence of child and parental characteristics on the likelihood that a child will become an obese or overweight youth. We use this model to test whether it is possible to forecast obesity and overweight among youth. Comparing Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) scores from these forecasts, we find that a model using childhood covariates does as well in forecasting youth obesity and overweight as a model using the covariate values contemporaneous with the youth obesity and overweight outcomes. The datasets used in this paper, the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY79) and the NLSY79 Children and Young Adults, provide data from 1986 to 2002, allowing for the study of a child's transition to and from obesity or overweight over a long period. Explanatory variables that significantly influence the likelihood of youth obesity or overweight outcomes include the mother's obesity status and education, the youth's mental health, and certain demographic features including race, sex, and family size. These factors provide potential targets for policies that could be implemented early in life among children most likely to become obese or overweight.
	Bibliography Citation Classen, Timothy J. and Charles Hokayem. "Childhood Influences of Youth Obesity." Economics and Human Biology 3,2 (July 2005): 165-187.

2.	Hokayem, Charles
2.	Essays on Human Capital, Health Capital, and the Labor Market Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Economics, University of Kentucky, 2010. Also: https://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/23/ Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: University of Kentucky Keyword(s): Locus of Control (see Rotter Scale); Noncognitive Skills; Racial Differences; Self-Esteem; Wage Gap Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. This dissertation consists of three essays concerning the effects of human capital and health capital on the labor market. Chapter 2 explores the role of another form of human capital, noncognitive skills, in explaining racial gaps in wages. Chapter 2 adds two noncognitive skills, locus of control and self-esteem, to a simple wage specification to determine the effect of these skills on the racial wage gap (white, black, and Hispanic) and the return to these skills across the wage distribution. The wage specifications are estimated using pooled, between, and quantile estimators. Results using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 show these skills account for differing portions of the racial wage gap depending on race and gender.
	Bibliography Citation Hokayem, Charles. Essays on Human Capital, Health Capital, and the Labor Market. Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Economics, University of Kentucky, 2010..

3.	Hokayem, Charles
3.	Noncognitive Skills and the Racial Wage Gap Presented: Washington, DC, Population Association of America Annual Meetings, March 31-April 2, 2011 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Population Association of America Keyword(s): Armed Forces Qualifications Test (AFQT); Discrimination, Job; Discrimination, Racial/Ethnic; Noncognitive Skills; Racial Differences; Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) (see Self-Esteem); Rotter Scale (see Locus of Control); Wage Gap; Work Ethic Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. This paper explores the role of noncognitive skills, or "soft skills", in explaining racial gaps in wages. Noncognitive skills describe a person's self-perception, work ethic, and overall outlook on life. These skills have been linked to a variety of outcomes such as educational attainment, earnings, and work habits in the general population. Less well understood is the impact of these skills on subgroups of the general population. This paper adds two noncognitive skills, locus of control and self-esteem, to a simple wage specification to determine the effect of noncognitive skills on the racial wage gap (white, black, and Hispanic) and the return to noncognitive skills across the wage distribution. The wage specifications are estimated using a pooled estimator, a between estimator, and a quantile estimator. Results using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 (NLSY79) show they account for differing portions of the racial wage gap depending on race and gender.
	Bibliography Citation Hokayem, Charles. "Noncognitive Skills and the Racial Wage Gap." Presented: Washington, DC, Population Association of America Annual Meetings, March 31-April 2, 2011.

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