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Author: Howell-Moroney, Michael Edward
Resulting in 2 citations.
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Howell-Moroney, Michael Edward |
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Geography of Opportunity and Unemployment: An Integrated Model of Residential Segregation and Spatial Mismatch Journal of Urban Affairs 27,4 (October 2005): 353-377 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Urban Affairs Association Keyword(s): Educational Attainment; Neighborhood Effects; Racial Differences; Unemployment Permission to reprint the abstract has been denied by the publisher. |
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Bibliography Citation
Howell-Moroney, Michael Edward. "Geography of Opportunity and Unemployment: An Integrated Model of Residential Segregation and Spatial Mismatch." Journal of Urban Affairs 27,4 (October 2005): 353-377.
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Howell-Moroney, Michael Edward |
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Modeling the Effects of the Geography of Opportunity on Labor Market Outcomes Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Delaware, 2002. DAI-A 63/03, p. 1066, Sep 2002 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: UMI - University Microfilms, Bell and Howell Information and Learning Keyword(s): Education; Endogeneity; Ethnic Studies; Family Studies; Hispanics; Labor Market Outcomes; Modeling, Mixed Effects; Neighborhood Effects; Racial Differences; Racial Studies A subject that had received much attention in the social science literature is interracial differences in labor market performance. A relatively recent explanation that has emerged as a possible source of these gaps is differences in the "geography of opportunity." The argument goes that spatial mechanisms are partially to blame for interracial gaps in labor market outcomes. Two salient mechanisms for the operation of differential geographies of opportunity have emerged from the literature: neighborhood effects and spatial mismatch. To date there has been no attempt to integrate these two mechanisms into a comprehensive model of how the geography of opportunity affects labor market outcomes. This paper presents a two-part model that models the effect of the geography of opportunity using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. Educational outcomes are estimated as a function of neighborhood effects during childhood in the first stage of the model. In the second stage, labor market outcomes for the same persons as an adult are estimated as a function of those endogenous educational outcomes and spatial mismatch. The models were estimated separately for whites, African Americans and Hispanics. The first-stage educational model yielded mixed results depending upon the variables used to measure neighborhood quality. Overall though, the neighborhood effects were small and did not have much of an impact on educational outcomes. The second stage model yielded markedly different interracial group results with regard to spatial mismatch. Spatial mismatch never had a statistically significant effect on whites' labor market outcomes, had a consistently negative effect on the labor market outcomes of African Americans and surprisingly had consistently statistically significant and positive effects on Hispanics' labor market outcomes. An integrated analysis of neighborhood effects and spatial mismatch effects showed that neighborhood effects had relatively small recursive effects on earnings. A series of policy simulations was conducted to measure the effects of changes designed to equalize the geography of opportunity. The main policy implication flowing from the findings is that large policy changes designed to correct for differences in the geography of opportunity will have small and mixed effects on labor market outcomes. |
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Bibliography Citation
Howell-Moroney, Michael Edward. Modeling the Effects of the Geography of Opportunity on Labor Market Outcomes. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Delaware, 2002. DAI-A 63/03, p. 1066, Sep 2002. |