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Author: Johnson, Katherine A.

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1.	Chapple, Constance L. Johnson, Katherine A.
1.	Gender Differences in Impulsivity Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice 5,3 (July 2007): 221-234. Also: http://yvj.sagepub.com/content/5/3/221.abstract Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79 Publisher: Sage Publications Keyword(s): Behavior Problems Index (BPI); Behavioral Problems; Child Self-Administered Supplement (CSAS); Children, Poverty; Discipline; Gender Differences; Home Observation for Measurement of Environment (HOME); Motor and Social Development (MSD); Parent Supervision/Monitoring; Parent-Child Relationship/Closeness; Parenting Skills/Styles; Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Reading); Poverty; Punishment, Corporal Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Criminological theories have often stressed the importance of impulsivity in the etiology of delinquency. Whether this construct is termed impulsivity, self-control, or low constraint/ negative emotionality, the theoretical importance of impulsivity is clear. What is also clear is that boys and girls differ significantly on impulsivity; however, research is ambiguous on why this occurs. Some researchers suggest that socialization and parenting create different levels of impulsivity, whereas others suggest that cognitive and/or motor deficits early in life may be the source. Using longitudinal National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY79)–Child data and variables derived from past research on impulsivity, the authors investigate whether biological, structural, and familial predictors of impulsivity differ by gender. Through multiple group path analysis, the authors find that the relationships between discipline and impulsivity and attachment and impulsivity differ significantly by gender. The authors discuss the implications of this finding for the etiology of impulsivity.
	Bibliography Citation Chapple, Constance L. and Katherine A. Johnson. "Gender Differences in Impulsivity ." Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice 5,3 (July 2007): 221-234.

2.	Johnson, Katherine A.
2.	Gender Differences in the Acquisition of Self-control Over Time Ph.D. Dissertation, The University of Nebraska - Lincoln, 2007 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79 Publisher: ProQuest Dissertations & Theses (PQDT) Keyword(s): Behavior Problems Index (BPI); Gender Differences; Household Composition; Household Structure; Modeling, Growth Curve/Latent Trajectory Analysis Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Although over a decade of empirical evidence suggests a causal link between low self-control and crime, very little research has focused on the prediction of self-control or on how self-control changes over time. The current project centers on the empirical testing of A General Theory of Crime (GTC - Gottfredson and Hirschi 1990) and on modeling the developmental nature of the acquisition of self-control throughout childhood and adolescence while testing for gender differences. The GTC is argued to be a general theory, capable of explaining all crime among all people. As such, self-control should be acquired in similar ways and at similar rates among both males and females. Results of the current study have implications for the generality of the GTC as well as the use of gender-neutral theories in the etiology of criminal behavior. I follow 809 young people through five waves of data (from ages 4-6 to ages 12-14) using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth - Child and Young Adult Data (NLSY79 - Child and YA). I examine the extent to which males and females differ in the magnitude and shape of their growth in self-control over time, as well as the between-person stability of self-control. In order to do so, I employ latent growth curve analysis with multiple groups in Mplus (Muthén and Muthén 2004). Results show that there is a curvilinear relationship between self-control and time for both males and females such that individuals initially acquire self-control over time, but subsequently lose self-control after levels peak in late childhood. There is between-person stability among males and not among females, although this difference is not statistically significant. No other substantively important gender differences arose. Results are largely supportive of the theory and indicate that males and females may be more similar than they are different in terms of their within and between person change in self-control over time.
	Bibliography Citation Johnson, Katherine A. Gender Differences in the Acquisition of Self-control Over Time. Ph.D. Dissertation, The University of Nebraska - Lincoln, 2007.

3.	Johnson, Katherine A. Tyler, Kimberly A.
3.	Adolescent Sexual Onset: An Intergenerational Analysis Journal of Youth and Adolescence 36,7 (October 2007): 939-949. Also: http://www.springerlink.com/content/p86412573k14132m/ Cohort(s): NLSY97 Publisher: Kluwer Academic Publishers Keyword(s): Adolescent Behavior; Adolescent Fertility; Age at First Intercourse; Intergenerational Patterns/Transmission; Sexual Activity; Sexual Behavior Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Adolescents have begun to initiate sexual activity at increasingly early ages in the past few decades. Using a sample of 2,494 adolescents from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY97), structural and parental process variables were examined in the prediction of sexual onset. Results indicated that the age at which youth initiate sexual intercourse is related to the structural characteristics of their grandmothers and mothers, as well as puberty, gender, and race. There is support for partial mediation of the effects of these grandmother characteristics via mother characteristics and parental process. Results are discussed within the framework of the life course perspective and provide support for the importance of previous generations in the explanation of adolescent sexual behavior. Implications for families and adolescents are also addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Journal of Youth & Adolescence is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts)
	Bibliography Citation Johnson, Katherine A. and Kimberly A. Tyler. "Adolescent Sexual Onset: An Intergenerational Analysis ." Journal of Youth and Adolescence 36,7 (October 2007): 939-949.

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