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Author: Koppel, Ross

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1.	Andrisani, Paul J. Appelbaum, Eileen Koppel, Ross Miljus, Robert C.
1.	Work Attitudes and Labor Market Experience: Evidence from the National Longitudinal Surveys New York, NY: Praeger Publishers, Inc, 1978 Cohort(s): Mature Women, Older Men, Young Men, Young Women Publisher: Praeger Publishers Keyword(s): Career Patterns; Discrimination, Sex; Job Satisfaction; Locus of Control (see Rotter Scale); Occupational Attainment; Rotter Scale (see Locus of Control); Work Attitudes Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Numerous forces shape the development of attitudes toward work. Job dissatisfaction does not arise exclusively among those whose unique labor market problems have already been singled out by policy makers for special attention. Job dissatisfaction has not been entirely at the lower end of the occupational, industrial, and income structures, or only within certain age-sex-race groups. Age-sex-race differences in the perceived payoffs to initiative are virtually nonexistent, despite the vast differences in work experience that exist on the basis of age, sex, and race. Our attempts to assess the extent to which labor market forces impact upon attitudinal change have met with only modest success.
	Bibliography Citation Andrisani, Paul J., Eileen Appelbaum, Ross Koppel and Robert C. Miljus. Work Attitudes and Labor Market Experience: Evidence from the National Longitudinal Surveys. New York, NY: Praeger Publishers, Inc, 1978.

2.	Andrisani, Paul J. Appelbaum, Eileen Koppel, Ross Miljus, Robert C.
2.	Work Attitudes and Work Experience: The Impact of Attitudes on Behavior R and D Monograph 60. Washington, DC: US Department of Labor, 1979 Cohort(s): Mature Women, Older Men, Young Men, Young Women Publisher: U.S. Department of Labor Keyword(s): Behavior; Career Patterns; Discrimination, Sex; Job Satisfaction; Locus of Control (see Rotter Scale); Occupational Attainment; Rotter Scale (see Locus of Control); Training, Occupational; Work Attitudes This monograph is a summary (prepared by Dr. Florence M. Casey, Office of Research and Development, Employment and Training Administration, USDOL) of the authors' book Work Attitudes and Labor Market Experience: Evidence from the National Longitudinal Surveys (Praeger, 1978). Job satisfaction was found to decline somewhat between 1966 and 1972 and the decline was most pronounced among white collar workers, service workers, farmers, and craft workers. Fewer than 15 percent of workers reported disliking their jobs, however. Inequities in distribution of rewards among comparable workers were most strongly linked to dissatisfaction. Workers with stronger internality enjoyed greater success than others. Dissatisfaction is linked to higher turnover and unemployment and decreased wages, except blacks, who improved their wages by changing employers. Purely economic rewards were not so important to satisfied workers as job content, but they were major causes of dissatisfaction among those who were less than highly satisfied. Motivation and high occupational goals were important for younger workers. Strong commitment to work resulted in less time out of the labor force, greater investment in training (among younger women and older men) and greater labor market advancement (among younger and older women). White working women who perceived their husbands as disapproving of their working outside the home advanced less in occupational status, had more unemployment and weeks out of the labor force, and had less likelihood of getting formal occupational training than women whose husbands did not object to their working.
	Bibliography Citation Andrisani, Paul J., Eileen Appelbaum, Ross Koppel and Robert C. Miljus. Work Attitudes and Work Experience: The Impact of Attitudes on Behavior. R and D Monograph 60. Washington, DC: US Department of Labor, 1979.

3.	Appelbaum, Eileen Koppel, Ross
3.	The Role of Work Commitment in the Occupational Attainment of Young Women Presented: Bloomsburg, PA, Eastern Economics Association Meeting, April 1976 Cohort(s): Young Women Publisher: Eastern Economic Association Keyword(s): Occupational Attainment; Women; Work Attachment Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Included in Work Attitudes and Labor Market Experience: Evidence from the National Longitudinal Surveys, by Paul J. Andrisani, et al., New York: Praeger Publications, 1978.
	Bibliography Citation Appelbaum, Eileen and Ross Koppel. "The Role of Work Commitment in the Occupational Attainment of Young Women." Presented: Bloomsburg, PA, Eastern Economics Association Meeting, April 1976.

4.	Koppel, Ross
4.	The Role of Social Psychological Variables in the Status Attainment of Young Men Ph.D. Dissertation, Temple University, 1981 Cohort(s): Young Men Publisher: UMI - University Microfilms, Bell and Howell Information and Learning Keyword(s): Attitudes; Control; Education; Family Background and Culture; Intelligence; Internal-External Attitude; Job Tenure; Labor Force Participation; Labor Market Outcomes; Locus of Control (see Rotter Scale); Marital Status; Occupational Aspirations; Occupational Attainment; Rotter Scale (see Locus of Control); School Quality; Schooling We attempt to ascertain the roles that three social psychological variables play in the labor market attainment of young men. The three variables are: occupational aspirations, self-assessed expectations of reaching those aspirations, and the Rotter locus of control scale. To examine the influences of these factors we observe their effects within a matrix of variables generally thought to determine labor market rewards. These other variables are: family background, intelligence, education, school quality, age, job tenure, responsibility for dependents, marital status, region of country, and size of local labor force. We ascertain our measures near the completion of each respondent's schooling. Labor market outcome measures are collected at the last year of our study period -- five to nine years after completion of school. The data for this research are from the Young Men's cohort of the NLS. Three interrelated research strategies reflect our hypotheses: 1) we determine if any of the social psychological variables significantly affect labor market outcomes; 2) we determine how much of the explained variance is shared between social psychological and other factors; we develop and test path models reflecting the hypothesized interrelations of our social psychological and other variables. Findings include: social psychological variables measured before full-time labor market participation directly affect income and occupational attainment; respondents with higher aspirations and/or more confidence attained higher status jobs than those with less ambitious goals and/or with less confidence about occupational success; "internals" -- those who believed that they have more control over their lives -- have higher earnings than the "externals." Further, we found that those with high expectations of reaching their goals earn considerably more than those who are less optimistic. These data also reveal that a substantial proportion of variance is shared between the social psychological and other variables. Path analysis indicates that occupational aspirations and expectations are important intervening elements in the process of occupational and income attainment, mediating much of the influence of intelligence, family background, and education.
	Bibliography Citation Koppel, Ross. The Role of Social Psychological Variables in the Status Attainment of Young Men. Ph.D. Dissertation, Temple University, 1981.

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