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Author: Michael, Robert T.
Resulting in 19 citations.
1. Abe, Yasuyo
Michael, Robert T.
Employment, Delinquency, and Sex During Adolescence: Evidence from NLSY 97
Working Paper 99-4, Chicago, Population Research Center, 1999.
Also: http://ideas.uqam.ca/ideas/data/Papers/fthchiprc99-4.html
Cohort(s): NLSY97
Publisher: National Opinion Research Center - NORC
Keyword(s): Adolescent Behavior; Adolescent Fertility; Delinquency/Gang Activity; Employment; Sexual Activity; Sexual Behavior

Bibliography Citation
Abe, Yasuyo and Robert T. Michael. "Employment, Delinquency, and Sex During Adolescence: Evidence from NLSY 97." Working Paper 99-4, Chicago, Population Research Center, 1999.
2. Black, Dan A.
Michael, Robert T.
Pierret, Charles R.
Knowing Younger Workers Better: Information from the NLSY97.
Monthly Labor Review 131,9 (September 1. 2008): 42-51.
Also: http://www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2008/09/art3abs.htm
Cohort(s): NLSY97
Publisher: U.S. Department of Labor
Keyword(s): Adolescent Behavior; Employment, Youth; NLS Description; Schooling; Wages, Youth

Papers from the 10th anniversary conference of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 1997 cohort, addressed schooling, employment, adolescent behaviors, and many other aspects of youths lives [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Monthly Labor Review is the property of US Department of Labor and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Bibliography Citation
Black, Dan A., Robert T. Michael and Charles R. Pierret. "Knowing Younger Workers Better: Information from the NLSY97." Monthly Labor Review 131,9 (September 1. 2008): 42-51.
3. Black, Dan A.
Xia, Kanru
Michael, Robert T.
Propensity to Agree to be an NLSY97 Respondent: Evidence from the Screener Data
Presented: Washington, DC, Bureau of Labor Statistics Conference Center, NLSY97 Tenth Anniversary Conference, May 29-30, 2008.
Also: http://harrisschool.uchicago.edu/Research/conferences/NLSYConf/pdf/BMichael_Propensity_ToBe_NLSY97_Respondent.pdf
Cohort(s): NLSY97
Publisher: U.S. Department of Labor
Keyword(s): Data Quality/Consistency; Research Methodology

This paper uses information from the NLSY97 screener data to model which of the eligible youths did in fact agree to become respondents in the first round of the survey. Reflecting the high quality of the NORC field effort, 92 percent of the eligible youths become NLSY97 respondents. The initial household screener contains information about the youth, the family, and the neighborhood; this information is used to model the propensity to participate in the survey for all eligible youths. For those who did participate – the respondents in the NLSY97 – the paper offers a variable that can be used to correct for selection bias into the survey. That predicted propensity is then compared to the subsequent behavior by the youth regarding completion of later rounds of the survey.
Bibliography Citation
Black, Dan A., Kanru Xia and Robert T. Michael. "Propensity to Agree to be an NLSY97 Respondent: Evidence from the Screener Data." Presented: Washington, DC, Bureau of Labor Statistics Conference Center, NLSY97 Tenth Anniversary Conference, May 29-30, 2008.
4. Chase-Lansdale, P. Lindsay
Michael, Robert T.
Desai, Sonalde
Impact of Early Maternal Employment on Children's Development: The Role of the Home Environment
Working Paper, Department of Educational Seminar Series, The University of Chicago, June 1991
Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79
Publisher: University of Chicago
Keyword(s): Child Development; Home Environment; Home Observation for Measurement of Environment (HOME); Maternal Employment; Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT)

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Bibliography Citation
Chase-Lansdale, P. Lindsay, Robert T. Michael and Sonalde Desai. "Impact of Early Maternal Employment on Children's Development: The Role of the Home Environment." Working Paper, Department of Educational Seminar Series, The University of Chicago, June 1991.
5. Chase-Lansdale, P. Lindsay
Michael, Robert T.
Desai, Sonalde
Maternal Employment During Infancy: An Analysis of "Children of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY)"
In: Employed Mothers and their Children. J.V. Lerner and N.L. Galambos, eds. New York, NY: Garland Publishing, 1991
Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79
Publisher: Garland Publishing, Inc.
Keyword(s): Children; Employment; General Assessment; Maternal Employment; Mothers; Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT); Women

Permission to reprint the abstract has been denied by the publisher.

Bibliography Citation
Chase-Lansdale, P. Lindsay, Robert T. Michael and Sonalde Desai. "Maternal Employment During Infancy: An Analysis of "Children of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY)"" In: Employed Mothers and their Children. J.V. Lerner and N.L. Galambos, eds. New York, NY: Garland Publishing, 1991
6. Desai, Sonalde
Chase-Lansdale, P. Lindsay
Michael, Robert T.
Mother or Market? Effects of Maternal Employment on Cognitive Development of Four-Year-Old Children
Demography 26,4 (November 1989): 545-561.
Also: http://www.springerlink.com/content/k612587ln0x288n4/
Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79
Publisher: Population Association of America
Keyword(s): Child Care; Child Development; Children; Employment; Family Income; Gender Differences; General Assessment; Maternal Employment; Mothers; Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT); Test Scores/Test theory/IRT

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

This paper is a first report on a project investigating the influence of maternal employment on the cognitive and social development of young children. The data set analyzed is the newly available "Children of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth," a 1986 survey of the 5,000 biological offspring of the females in the NLSY data set. The paper focuses on the cognitive development of the four-year-old children, of whom there are 585. Demographic, economic, and social background factors are controlled in the analysis of relationships among maternal employment, child care, and the child's test score on the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT).
Bibliography Citation
Desai, Sonalde, P. Lindsay Chase-Lansdale and Robert T. Michael. "Mother or Market? Effects of Maternal Employment on Cognitive Development of Four-Year-Old Children." Demography 26,4 (November 1989): 545-561.
7. Desai, Sonalde
Michael, Robert T.
Chase-Lansdale, P. Lindsay
Exploring the Mechanisms through which Employment Affects Women's Childrearing Practices
Presented: Toronto, Canada, Population Association of America Meetings, May 1990
Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79
Publisher: Population Association of America
Keyword(s): Bias Decomposition; Child Care; Child Development; Childbearing; Children; General Assessment; Home Observation for Measurement of Environment (HOME); Household Composition; Maternal Employment; Mothers

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Using data from the Children of the NLSY, this paper examines the effect of employment on emotional support and cognitive stimulation provided by mothers to their preschool age children. Measures of childrearing practices are based on mother reports as well as interviewer observations, from a short form of HOME [Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment]. The results suggest that mother's cognitive stimulation of the children seems to suffer substantially when the mother is employed, but only in the households with middle or higher levels of income. Moreover and conversely, mother's emotional support of children appears to be greater when the mother is employed, but only in the households with lower levels of income.
Bibliography Citation
Desai, Sonalde, Robert T. Michael and P. Lindsay Chase-Lansdale. "Exploring the Mechanisms through which Employment Affects Women's Childrearing Practices." Presented: Toronto, Canada, Population Association of America Meetings, May 1990.
8. Desai, Sonalde
Michael, Robert T.
Chase-Lansdale, P. Lindsay
Home Environment: A Mechanism through which Maternal Employment Affects Child Development
Working Paper No. 20, The Population Council, New York, 1990
Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79
Publisher: Population Association of America
Keyword(s): Child Care; Child Development; Children, Academic Development; Children, Home Environment; Family Income; Home Observation for Measurement of Environment (HOME); Maternal Employment; Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT)

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Also: Presented: Toronto, Canada, Population Association of America Meetings, May 1990

This paper argues that seeking a simple, universal effect of maternal employment on the welfare of very young children is not a fruitful strategy. Instead, it suggests that: (1) maternal employment affects children through a variety of mechanisms, some positive and others negative; and (2) the consequences of maternal employment depend on the family's socioeconomic circumstances and the social context. Using data on pre-school aged children in the U.S. from the Children of the NLSY, the paper examines the impact of maternal employment on children's verbal abilities in different family economic contexts. The results indicate that while maternal absence and alternate child care arrangements have some negative impact on children's verbal ability (particularly for boys), in low-income families this negative impact is compensated to a large extent by the positive impact of maternal income and the improved quality of children's home environment which that income can buy.

Bibliography Citation
Desai, Sonalde, Robert T. Michael and P. Lindsay Chase-Lansdale. "Home Environment: A Mechanism through which Maternal Employment Affects Child Development." Working Paper No. 20, The Population Council, New York, 1990.
9. Hill, Carolyn J.
Michael, Robert T.
Measuring Poverty in the NLSY97
Working Paper Series No. 00.27, Harris Graduate School of Public Policy Studies, University of Chicago, November 2000.
Also: http://www.harrisschool.uchicago.edu/pdf/wp_00_27.pdf
Cohort(s): NLSY97
Publisher: Harris Graduate School of Public Policy Studies, University of Chicago
Keyword(s): Aid for Families with Dependent Children (AFDC); Child Care; Economics, Demographic; Family Income; Family Size; Food Stamps (see Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program); Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Math); Poverty; Program Participation/Evaluation

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Using data from the NLSY97, we construct two measures of poverty using the official definition and The National Research Council (NRC) definition. We estimate the two poverty rates for 1996 for youths 12-16 as 17.9 (official) and 23.4 (NRC), and document the discrepancies between youths considered in poverty under the two measures. We also explore the influence of poverty on youths' outcomes using the official and NRC measures of poverty. The paper shows that the prevalence of poverty and its measured consequences are affected by the way we measure poverty.
Bibliography Citation
Hill, Carolyn J. and Robert T. Michael. "Measuring Poverty in the NLSY97." Working Paper Series No. 00.27, Harris Graduate School of Public Policy Studies, University of Chicago, November 2000.
10. Hill, Carolyn J.
Michael, Robert T.
Measuring Poverty in the NLSY97
Journal of Human Resources 36,4 (Fall 2001): 727-761.
Also: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3069640
Cohort(s): NLSY97
Publisher: University of Wisconsin Press
Keyword(s): Child Care; Family Income; Food Stamps (see Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program); Poverty; Program Participation/Evaluation; Teenagers; Welfare

Using data from the NLSY97, we construct two measures of poverty using the official U.S. definition and the National Research Council (NRC) definition. We estimate the two poverty rates for 1996 for youths 12-16 as 17.9 (official) and 23.4 (NRC), and document the discrepancies between youths considered in poverty under the two measures. We also explore the influence of poverty on youths' outcomes using the official and NRC measures of poverty. The paper shows that the prevalence of poverty and its measured consequences are affected by the way we measure poverty.
Bibliography Citation
Hill, Carolyn J. and Robert T. Michael. "Measuring Poverty in the NLSY97." Journal of Human Resources 36,4 (Fall 2001): 727-761.
11. Michael, Robert T.
Children's Cognitive Skill Development in Britain and the United States
Working Paper No. 01.19, The Harris School of Public Policy Studies, The University of Chicago, 2001
Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79
Publisher: Harris Graduate School of Public Policy Studies, University of Chicago
Keyword(s): Britain, British; Cognitive Development; Cross-national Analysis; Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Math); Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Reading); Test Scores/Test theory/IRT; Verbal Memory (McCarthy Scale)

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

The paper compares the cognitive test scores of children in Great Britain and the United States in vocabulary, reading, mathematics and memory of words and numbers. Children age 5-9 in Britain systematically out-perform their U.S. counterparts on reading, mathematics tests, while children age 10-14 show far fewer differences. In many of the comparisons, there are no statistical differences in the distributions of test scores between the British and United States children. The explanation for the observed differences between the younger children in the two nations in reading and mathematics may be the earlier age of entry into formal schooling in Britain. The similarity of the observed skills of the older children in the two nations, given the differences in social and economic conditions experienced by those children, challenges the notion that these differences are critically important in the children's cognitive development.
Bibliography Citation
Michael, Robert T. "Children's Cognitive Skill Development in Britain and the United States." Working Paper No. 01.19, The Harris School of Public Policy Studies, The University of Chicago, 2001.
12. Michael, Robert T.
Children's Cognitive Skill Development in Britain and the United States
International Journal of Behavioral Development 27,5 (September 2003): 396-409.
Also: http://jbd.sagepub.com/content/27/5/396.abstract
Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Keyword(s): Britain, British; Memory for Digit Span (WISC) - also see Digit Span; NCDS - National Child Development Study (British); Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Math); Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Reading); Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT); Test Scores/Test theory/IRT; Verbal Memory (McCarthy Scale)

This paper compares the cognitive test scores of children in Great Britain and the United States in vocabulary, reading, mathematics, and memory of words and numbers. Children aged 5--9 years in Britain systematically outperform their US counterparts on reading and mathematics tests, while children aged 10--14 years show far fewer differences. In most comparisons for white children aged 10--14 years, there are no statistical differences in the distributions of test scores between the British and United States children. The explanation for the observed differences between the younger children in the two nations in reading and mathematics may be the earlier age of entry into formal schooling in Britain. The similarity of the observed skills of the older children in the two nations, given the differences in social and economic conditions experienced by those children, challenges the notion that these differences are critically important in the children's cognitive development. The six tests used in this study are the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, subsets of the Peabody Individual Achievement Test in reading and math, the Wechsler Memory for Digit Span, and a subscale of the McCarthy Scale for Verbal Memory.
Bibliography Citation
Michael, Robert T. "Children's Cognitive Skill Development in Britain and the United States." International Journal of Behavioral Development 27,5 (September 2003): 396-409.
13. Michael, Robert T.
National Evidence on the Influence of Mothers' Employment on Children's Development
Presented: Seattle, WA, Biennial Meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, April 1991
Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79
Publisher: Society for Research in Child Development (SRCD)
Keyword(s): Child Development; Children, Academic Development; Children, Home Environment; Family Income; Gender Differences; General Assessment; Maternal Employment; Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT); Tests and Testing

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Using data on 1,222 three-to-five-year-old children from the NLSY, this study examines the home environment (Caldwell & Bradley, 1984) as a mechanism for differential effects of mothers' employment. Multiple regression analyses revealed that mothers' employment had a negative impact on boys' PPVT score (Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test) in middle income but not in low income families. However, when the HOME score was added to the model, maternal employment effects were negative for boys in both income groups. Within low income, but not middle income families, maternal employment was related to higher HOME scores. Thus, absence of mother per se seems to be detrimental to all boys, but in low income families, this adverse effect is offset by added cognitive stimulation (HOME score) that mothers' earnings make possible.
Bibliography Citation
Michael, Robert T. "National Evidence on the Influence of Mothers' Employment on Children's Development." Presented: Seattle, WA, Biennial Meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, April 1991.
14. Michael, Robert T.
Social Awakening: Adolescent Behavior as Adulthood Approaches
New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation, 2001
Cohort(s): NLSY79, NLSY97
Publisher: Russell Sage Foundation
Keyword(s): Adolescent Behavior; Alcohol Use; Dating; Drug Use; Educational Attainment; Family Characteristics; Family Influences; Family Studies; Geographical Variation; Income; Parents, Single; Racial Differences; Sexual Behavior; Teenagers

Jacket: Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, a survey of more than 9,000 12-16 yr olds, this book explores the choices adolescents make about their lives and their futures. It focuses on the key role the family plays as teenagers navigate the transition from childhood to adulthood. This book analyzes a range of adolescent behaviors and issues that affect teenagers' lives, from dating and sexual behavior, drug and alcohol use, and physical and mental well-being, to their career goals and expectations for the future. It is argued that the findings strengthen one's understanding of how an array of family characteristics (single parenthood, income, educational level, race, and geographic location) influence teens' lives. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2000 APA, all rights reserved)
Bibliography Citation
Michael, Robert T. Social Awakening: Adolescent Behavior as Adulthood Approaches. New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation, 2001.
15. Michael, Robert T.
The Five Life Decisions: How Economic Principles and 18 Million Millennials Can Guide Your Thinking
Chicago IL: University of Chicago Press, 2016
Cohort(s): NLSY97
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Keyword(s): Educational Attainment; Health Factors; Marital Satisfaction/Quality; NLS Description; Occupational Choice; Parenthood

[The author] brings in data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, a scientific sample of 18 million millennials in the United States that tracks more than a decade of young adult choices and consequences. As the survey's longtime principal investigator and project director, Michael shows that the aggregate decisions can help us understand what might lie ahead along many possible paths--offering readers insights about how their own choices may turn out.

Chapter 1. Making Choices
Chapter 2. More Schooling?
Chapter 3. Deciding on an Occupation
Chapter 4. Decisions about a Partner
Chapter 5. Parenting
Chapter 6. Health Habits
Chapter 7. Wrapping Up

Bibliography Citation
Michael, Robert T. The Five Life Decisions: How Economic Principles and 18 Million Millennials Can Guide Your Thinking. Chicago IL: University of Chicago Press, 2016.
16. Michael, Robert T.
Pergamit, Michael R.
The National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 1997 Cohort
Journal of Human Resources 36,4 (Autumn 2001): 628-640.
Also: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3069636
Cohort(s): NLSY97
Publisher: University of Wisconsin Press
Keyword(s): Children; Economics, Demographic; Labor Market Surveys; Longitudinal Data Sets; Longitudinal Surveys; Sample Selection

This essay describes the new National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 1997 Cohort (NLSY97) that is the data set used in the articles in this volume. It briefly describes the background for the survey, its sponsorship by the U.S. Department of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics, its fielding, and the nature of the substantive content of the first-year questionnaire. The paper notes major differences between this new survey and the earlier data sets in the National Longitudinal Survey Program.
Bibliography Citation
Michael, Robert T. and Michael R. Pergamit. "The National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 1997 Cohort." Journal of Human Resources 36,4 (Autumn 2001): 628-640.
17. Michael, Robert T.
Tuma, Nancy Brandon
Entry into Marriage and Parenthood by Young Adults
Demography 22,4 (November 1985): 515-544.
Also: http://www.springerlink.com/content/7m4gt2035165549w/
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Population Association of America
Keyword(s): Adolescent Fertility; Family Background and Culture; Fertility; First Birth; Hispanics; Marital Status

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

This paper investigates the marital and fertility patterns of young men and women (age 14-21) using the first year data from the NLSY. The paper's substantive focuses are the influences of family background on early (teenage) entry into marriage and parenthood and the extent to which measured family characteristics can explain the large differences among whites, Hispanics and blacks. The paper's methodological focus is the comparison of results when a data set is analyzed as either a conventional cross-section file using a linear probability (OLS regression) or logistic (maximum likelihood) model or as a continuous time, event-history file using a partial likelihood model.
Bibliography Citation
Michael, Robert T. and Nancy Brandon Tuma. "Entry into Marriage and Parenthood by Young Adults." Demography 22,4 (November 1985): 515-544.
18. Michael, Robert T.
Tuma, Nancy Brandon
Youth Employment: Does Life Begin at 16?
Journal of Labor Economics 2,4 (October 1984): 464-476.
Also: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2534809
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Keyword(s): Employment, In-School; Employment, Youth; Racial Differences; Teenagers

Theoretical economic models, official labor force statistics, and most empirical studies of young workers disregard employment experience of students under age 16. Evidence from several sources, however, suggests that students ages 14 and 15 acquire substantial employment experience. Moreover, that experience is vastly different for black and white youths. Several policy-related issues, including causes of black-white differences in adult earnings, may deserve to be interpreted differently in the light of differentials in early employment experience. This employment experience of 14- and 15-year-olds in general and its racial pattern in particular should not continue to be ignored.
Bibliography Citation
Michael, Robert T. and Nancy Brandon Tuma. "Youth Employment: Does Life Begin at 16?" Journal of Labor Economics 2,4 (October 1984): 464-476.
19. Tuma, Nancy Brandon
Michael, Robert T.
A Comparison of Statistical Models for Life Course Analysis with an Application to First Marriage
In: Current Perspectives on Aging and the Life Cycle, Volume 2, Family Relations in Life Course Perspective. Z. Blau, ed. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press, 1986: pp. 107-146
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: JAI Press, Inc.
Keyword(s): Family Background and Culture; Life Course; Life Cycle Research; Marriage; Modeling, Logit; Modeling, Mixed Effects; Variables, Independent - Covariate

This paper addresses the question: "How similar are results pertaining to the effects of family background on early marriage when five different statistical models are used to analyze the data?" Data from the NLSY are used in this study of first marriage rates up to age 22 using three proportional hazard models--a Gompertz model, a Cox model, and a time period analog to the Cox model--as well as two additional commonly used models, a logistic and a linear probability model. These statistical models are fit to a relatively large sample (N=2468) of white women and to a relatively small sample (N= 223) of Hispanic women. An identical set of covariates is used for the comparison. Using several tests of goodness-of-fit, all five models capture the general age pattern of early entry into marriage reasonably well, with the proportional rate models closest to the Kaplan-Meier estimates for the whole sample. Regarding the estimates of the effects of covariates, all five models yield quite similar estimates when evaluated at sample means, but of course the linear probability model's estimate deviates substantially from the others at levels far from the means. Although the data demands and complexity of estimation is greater with the proportional rate models, they appear to be the preferred model in terms of their fit with the data. In our comparisons between the two static models, the linear probability model is substantially inferior to the logistic model.
Bibliography Citation
Tuma, Nancy Brandon and Robert T. Michael. "A Comparison of Statistical Models for Life Course Analysis with an Application to First Marriage" In: Current Perspectives on Aging and the Life Cycle, Volume 2, Family Relations in Life Course Perspective. Z. Blau, ed. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press, 1986: pp. 107-146