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Author: Mitchell, Ojmarrh

Resulting in 5 citations.

1.	Landers, Monica D. Mitchell, Ojmarrh Coates, Erica E.
1.	Teenage Fatherhood as a Potential Turning Point in the Lives of Delinquent Youth Journal of Child and Family Studies 24,6 (June 2015): 1685-1696. Also: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10826-014-9971-y Cohort(s): NLSY97 Publisher: Springer Keyword(s): Adolescent Behavior; Arrests; Crime; Criminal Justice System; Delinquency/Gang Activity; Fatherhood; Fathers, Absence; Fathers, Presence; Modeling, Fixed Effects; Substance Use Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. The present study examines whether fatherhood, generally, and residential fatherhood, specifically, predicts desistance from criminal behavior and reduced contact with the criminal justice system among delinquent teens. Using multiple waves of data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997, two models were estimated and analyzed via fixed-effects negative binomial regression comparing periods of residential fatherhood to periods of non-residential fatherhood and non-fatherhood. Results indicated that nonresidential fatherhood placed delinquent teens at greater odds for future arrest compared to residential fatherhood. Further, delinquent teens when residing with their children reported less offending behaviors, such as marijuana use and drug distribution, compared to periods when they did not reside with their children.
	Bibliography Citation Landers, Monica D., Ojmarrh Mitchell and Erica E. Coates. "Teenage Fatherhood as a Potential Turning Point in the Lives of Delinquent Youth." Journal of Child and Family Studies 24,6 (June 2015): 1685-1696.

2.	Mitchell, Ojmarrh
2.	The Effect of Drug Arrest on Subsequent Drug Offending and Social Bonding Journal of Crime and Justice 39,1 (2016): 174-188. Also: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/0735648X.2015.1087145 Cohort(s): NLSY97 Publisher: Taylor & Francis Group Keyword(s): Arrests; Crime; Drug Use; Educational Attainment; Income; Labor Force Participation; Racial Differences; Sociability/Socialization/Social Interaction Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. An enduring legacy of the war on drugs is a law enforcement emphasis on arresting low-level drug offenders. Policymakers assert that drug arrests reduce subsequent drug offending; yet, scant research assesses the specific deterrent effects of drug arrest. Likewise, little research examines the collateral consequences of drug arrest on measures of social bonding. NLSY97 data were used to examine the effect of drug arrest on drug offending (marijuana use, hard drug use, drug sales) and social bonding (highest grade, weeks employed, annual income). Results indicate that drug arrest did not reduce any measure of drug offending but had considerable negative consequences on blacks' employment outcomes. These findings suggest that recent policy proposals to de-emphasize low-level drug arrests are unlikely to increase drug offending and may reduce the negative collateral consequences of drug arrest at least for blacks.
	Bibliography Citation Mitchell, Ojmarrh. "The Effect of Drug Arrest on Subsequent Drug Offending and Social Bonding." Journal of Crime and Justice 39,1 (2016): 174-188.

3.	Mitchell, Ojmarrh Caudy, Michael S.
3.	Examining Racial Disparities in Drug Arrests Justice Quarterly 32,2 (2015): 288-313. Also: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07418825.2012.761721#abstract Cohort(s): NLSY97 Publisher: Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences Keyword(s): Arrests; Crime; Drug Use; Racial Differences Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. The War on Drugs popularized a set of policies and practices that dramatically increased the number of drug arrests, particularly for low-level drug offenses. The War's tactics have affected Americans of every race; however, minorities have been most dramatically affected. There are several explanations for the observed racial disparity in drug arrests, but relatively little research directly tests these explanations. In this study, we test three common explanations of racial disparities in drug arrest rates. We find that racial disparities in drug arrests cannot be explained by differences in drug offending, nondrug offending, or residing in the kinds of neighborhoods likely to have heavy police emphasis on drug offending. Our findings are most consistent with explanations focusing on racial bias in drug sanctions.
	Bibliography Citation Mitchell, Ojmarrh and Michael S. Caudy. "Examining Racial Disparities in Drug Arrests." Justice Quarterly 32,2 (2015): 288-313.

4.	Mitchell, Ojmarrh Caudy, Michael S.
4.	Race Differences in Drug Offending and Drug Distribution Arrests Crime and Delinquency 63,2 (February 2017): 91-112. Also: http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0011128714568427 Cohort(s): NLSY97 Publisher: Sage Publications Keyword(s): Arrests; Delinquency/Gang Activity; Drug Use; Neighborhood Effects; Racial Differences Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. The War on Drugs' emphasis on apprehending low-level drug offenders dramatically increased the number of arrests for drug distribution and exacerbated racial and ethnic disparities in such arrests. Although these disparities have been the topic of much discussion, they rarely have been the subject of multivariate empirical scrutiny. This research examines the degree to which race differences in drug offending, nondrug offending, and community context explain race differences in the likelihood of experiencing a drug distribution arrest in a longitudinal sample of youthful respondents (age 12-29). Our results indicate that in comparison with White drug offenders, Hispanic drug offenders' greater likelihood of arrest is largely due to differences in community context; however, African Americans' greater likelihood of arrest is not explained by differences in offending or community context. The policy implications of these findings are discussed.
	Bibliography Citation Mitchell, Ojmarrh and Michael S. Caudy. "Race Differences in Drug Offending and Drug Distribution Arrests." Crime and Delinquency 63,2 (February 2017): 91-112.

5.	Mitchell, Ojmarrh Landers, Monica D. Morales, Melissa
5.	The Contingent Effects of Fatherhood on Offending American Journal of Criminal Justice 43,3 (September 2018): 603-626. Also: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12103-017-9418-2 Cohort(s): NLSY97 Publisher: Springer Keyword(s): Alcohol Use; Arrests; Crime; Drug Use; Fatherhood; Fathers, Absence; Fathers, Influence; Fathers, Presence; Modeling, Fixed Effects Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. A growing body of research assesses the relationship between fatherhood and desistance. Qualitative studies typically find fatherhood reduces offending, especially substance use; yet, quantitative studies have produced mixed findings. Guided by life-course theory, this study hypothesizes that fatherhood affects certain kinds of offending and fatherhood's effects on offending are most pronounced among fathers who reside with their child. To test our hypotheses, NLSY97 data are employed along with fixed-effects regression analyses to estimate the relationship between fatherhood and offending, while controlling for time-varying and time-stable competing factors. Periods of fatherhood are associated with reductions in licit and illicit substance use but not other kinds of offending, and these effects are considerably stronger in periods in which fathers resided in the same household as their child. By contrast, residential fatherhood is associated with reductions in property offending and arrest. These results confirm the findings of qualitative research in that fatherhood, particularly residential fatherhood, reduces substance use but has weaker effects on other kinds of deviance.
	Bibliography Citation Mitchell, Ojmarrh, Monica D. Landers and Melissa Morales. "The Contingent Effects of Fatherhood on Offending." American Journal of Criminal Justice 43,3 (September 2018): 603-626.

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