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Author: Spitz, Ruth S.

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1.	Miljus, Robert C. Parnes, Herbert S. Schmidt, Ronald M. Spitz, Ruth S.
1.	Some Correlates of the Labor Market Status of Male Youth In: Transition from School to Work: A Report Based on the Princeton Manpower Symposium May 9-10, 1968: Research Report Series No: 111. Princeton, NJ: Industrial Relations Section, Princeton University, 1968. Also: http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/detailmini.jsp?_nfpb=true&_&ERICExtSearch_SearchValue_0=ED033204&ERICExtSearch_SearchType_0=no&accno=ED033204 Cohort(s): Young Men Publisher: Industrial Relations Section, Princeton University Keyword(s): Current Population Survey (CPS) / CPS-Fertility Supplement; Educational Aspirations/Expectations; Health Factors; Health/Health Status/SF-12 Scale; Transition, School to Work; Unemployment, Youth Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Among the variables which have thus far been investigated in our research, enrollment status, high school curriculum and educational aspirations, age, marital status, health condition, and veteran status are systematically related to the labor force participation of young men. Of these, the most powerful explanatory variable, as would be expected, is whether the young man is enrolled in school. On the average, those who are not enrolled are almost twice as likely to be in the labor force as are those who are currently attending school.
	Bibliography Citation Miljus, Robert C., Herbert S. Parnes, Ronald M. Schmidt and Ruth S. Spitz. "Some Correlates of the Labor Market Status of Male Youth" In: Transition from School to Work: A Report Based on the Princeton Manpower Symposium May 9-10, 1968: Research Report Series No: 111. Princeton, NJ: Industrial Relations Section, Princeton University, 1968.

2.	Parnes, Herbert S. Fleisher, Belton M. Miljus, Robert C. Spitz, Ruth S.
2.	Introduction In: Years for Decision, Volume 1, Manpower Research Monograph 24. Washington DC: U.S. GPO, 1971 Cohort(s): Young Women Publisher: U.S. Government Printing Office Keyword(s): Educational Attainment; Family Background and Culture; Health/Health Status/SF-12 Scale; Job Training; Mobility The volume aims to explain the variation in school and labor market experiences and in the educational aspirations of young women. This introduction identifies these variables: unemployment, mobility, educational and occupational aspirations, labor force participation, formative influences, marital and familial characteristics, financial status, actual education and training, health and attitude, and explains how they were assessed by the study itself.
	Bibliography Citation Parnes, Herbert S., Belton M. Fleisher, Robert C. Miljus and Ruth S. Spitz. "Introduction" In: Years for Decision, Volume 1, Manpower Research Monograph 24. Washington DC: U.S. GPO, 1971

3.	Parnes, Herbert S. Fleisher, Belton M. Miljus, Robert C. Spitz, Ruth S.
3.	Pre-Retirement Years, Volume 1: A Longitudinal Study of the Labor Market Experience of the Cohort of Men 45-59 Years of Age Manpower Research Monograph 15, Volume 1. Washington DC: US GPO, 1968 Cohort(s): Older Men Publisher: U.S. Department of Labor Keyword(s): Behavior; Health/Health Status/SF-12 Scale; Household Income; Job Satisfaction; Job Tenure; Pensions; Retirement/Retirement Planning; Unemployment; Work Attitudes As the prologue to an intensive study of the labor market experience and behavior over a five-year period of males who were age 45-59 in mid l966, this study examines their status at the time of the initial interview in mid l966, and seeks explanations for variations in current status on the basis of a large number of economic, social, and psychological variables. Specific areas discussed include the extent of their current participation in the labor market, susceptibility to unemployment, distribution in the labor market, the duration of service in current jobs, and rates of pay. In addition to describing the pattern of occupational and geographic change during their working lives to date, their attitudes toward working in general and their jobs in particular, and their reactions to certain types of job changes, including complete withdrawal from the labor market are explored. Variations in all these aspects of behavior and attitudes have been sought in terms of a large number of demographic, economic, and attitudinal characteristics, and numerous relationships that have been uncovered appear to have explanatory and predictive value.
	Bibliography Citation Parnes, Herbert S., Belton M. Fleisher, Robert C. Miljus and Ruth S. Spitz. Pre-Retirement Years, Volume 1: A Longitudinal Study of the Labor Market Experience of the Cohort of Men 45-59 Years of Age. Manpower Research Monograph 15, Volume 1. Washington DC: US GPO, 1968.

4.	Parnes, Herbert S. Miljus, Robert C. Spitz, Ruth S.
4.	Career Thresholds, Volume 1: A longitudinal Study of the Educational and Labor Market Experience of Male Youth 14-24 Years of Age Manpower Research Monograph 16, Volume 1. Washington DC: US GPO, 1969 Cohort(s): Young Men Publisher: U.S. Department of Labor Keyword(s): Educational Aspirations/Expectations; Employment; High School; Job Search; Occupational Aspirations; Teenagers; Wages; Work Attitudes; Work Knowledge Data drawn from interviews conducted during October-December 1966 with the NLS of Young Men ages 14 to 24 provides the basis for examining the relationships between selected demographic, attitudinal, and educational characteristics of male youth in the United States and their labor market experience and occupational aspirations. The cohort's labor force participation, unemployment experience, employment patterns, labor market knowledge, job attitudes, and educational and occupational aspirations as of the time of the initial survey in 1966 are analyzed and explanations for variations in these factors based on a large number of economic, social, and psychological variables are offered.
	Bibliography Citation Parnes, Herbert S., Robert C. Miljus and Ruth S. Spitz. Career Thresholds, Volume 1: A longitudinal Study of the Educational and Labor Market Experience of Male Youth 14-24 Years of Age. Manpower Research Monograph 16, Volume 1. Washington DC: US GPO, 1969.

5.	Parnes, Herbert S. Shea, John R. Spitz, Ruth S. Zeller, Frederick A.
5.	Dual Careers, Volume 1: A Longitudinal Study of the Labor Market Experience of Women Manpower Research Monograph 21, Volume 1. Washington DC: US GPO, 1970 Cohort(s): Mature Women Publisher: U.S. Department of Labor Keyword(s): Career Patterns; Child Care; Children; Family Background and Culture; Health/Health Status/SF-12 Scale; Job Training; Marital Status; Part-Time Work; Work Attitudes Data from the first interview (1967) of Mature Women age 30-44 in 1967 are used to examine their labor market status and attitudes, as well as their prior work experience and plans for the future. Marital history and status, family background, health, education, income patterns and attitudes toward work and home are investigated, as are participation in the labor force, occupation, rate of pay, transportation, and child care. Part-time employment and its ramifications are explored. Occupational and geographic mobility and movement are studied and their relationship to career beginnings shown. Work attitudes and job attachment are evaluated; and, finally, major sources of variation in labor market behavior are explored and found to be largely race, education, marital status, ages of children, and work-related attitudes.
	Bibliography Citation Parnes, Herbert S., John R. Shea, Ruth S. Spitz and Frederick A. Zeller. Dual Careers, Volume 1: A Longitudinal Study of the Labor Market Experience of Women. Manpower Research Monograph 21, Volume 1. Washington DC: US GPO, 1970.

6.	Parnes, Herbert S. Spitz, Ruth S.
6.	A Conceptual Framework for Studying Labor Mobility Monthly Labor Review 92,11 (November 1969): 55-58 Cohort(s): Older Men, Young Men Publisher: U.S. Department of Labor Keyword(s): Earnings; Mobility; Work Attitudes; Work History A discussion of a method of measuring mobility as a propensity to change jobs in response to economic incentives using data from two national samples of employed men leads to the conclusion that labor mobility is a much more complex phenomenon than would be imagined on the basis of conventional labor market theory, which tends to perceive labor as a more or less homogeneous and fluid factor continuously flowing in the direction of net economic advantage.
	Bibliography Citation Parnes, Herbert S. and Ruth S. Spitz. "A Conceptual Framework for Studying Labor Mobility." Monthly Labor Review 92,11 (November 1969): 55-58.

7.	Parnes, Herbert S. Spitz, Ruth S.
7.	Hypothetical Questions as Measures of Labor Mobility Presented: New York NY, Annual Meeting of the American Statistical Association, August 1969 Cohort(s): Older Men, Young Men Publisher: American Statistical Association Keyword(s): Blue-Collar Jobs; Earnings; Employment; Job Satisfaction; Job Search; Job Tenure; Mobility; White Collar Jobs From a methodological point of view, findings suggest that a question posing a hypothetical job offer can be used as a measure of the mobility of workers, defined as their propensity to change employers in response to a perceived economic advantage in doing so. From a substantive point of view, perhaps the most important conclusion to be drawn from findings to date is that labor mobility is a much more complex phenomenon than would be imagined on the basis of conventional labor market theory, which tends to conceive of labor as a more or less homogeneous and fluid factor continuously flowing in the direction of net economic advantage.
	Bibliography Citation Parnes, Herbert S. and Ruth S. Spitz. "Hypothetical Questions as Measures of Labor Mobility." Presented: New York NY, Annual Meeting of the American Statistical Association, August 1969.

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