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Author: Venator, Joanna
Resulting in 4 citations.
| 1. |
Reeves, Richard V. Venator, Joanna |
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Saving Horatio Alger: The Data Behind the Words (and the Lego Bricks) Social Mobility Memo, Brookings Institution, August 21, 2014. Also: http://www.brookings.edu/blogs/social-mobility-memos/posts/2014/08/21-data-behind-saving-horatio-alger-reeves Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Publisher: Brookings Institution Keyword(s): Income; Intergenerational Patterns/Transmission; Mobility, Economic; Mobility, Social In both the video and the essay, we've created a series of 'mobility matrices' showing how income status in one generation influences income status in the next. We used a dataset constructed from the Bureau of Labor Statistics' surveys, the 'National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979' (NLSY79) and the 'Children of the NLSY79' (C-NLSY). Mostly, we use the CNLSY, which provides rich data on children born mainly in the 1980s and 90s. But since they are not old enough for us to know their incomes at the age of 40, we impute adult values using the sample from the earlier generation, the NLSY79. (For more information on how we impute these values, see the Guide to the Brookings Social Genome Model by Scott Winship and Stephanie Owen.) |
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Bibliography Citation
Reeves, Richard V. and Joanna Venator. "Saving Horatio Alger: The Data Behind the Words (and the Lego Bricks)." Social Mobility Memo, Brookings Institution, August 21, 2014. |
| 2. |
Reeves, Richard V. Venator, Joanna Howard, Kimberly |
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The Character Factor: Measures and Impact of Drive and Prudence Report, Center on Children and Families, The Brookings Institution, October 22, 2014 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Young Adult Publisher: Brookings Institution Keyword(s): Adolescent Behavior; Age at Birth; Behavior Problems Index (BPI); Educational Attainment; Educational Outcomes; Gender Differences; High School Completion/Graduates; Motivation; Noncognitive Skills; Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Math); Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Reading) There is growing interest among psychologists and economists in the importance of "non-cognitive" skills for doing well in life. In this paper we assess the quality of measures available in US survey data for two specific non-cognitive skills, drive and prudence, which we term "performance character strengths" -- non-cognitive skills that relate to outcomes important for economic mobility, such as educational attainment. We evaluate and rank the measures of drive and prudence found in these surveys, categorizing them as broad or narrow, and indirect or direct. Next, we use one of these measures (the BPI-hyperactivity scale in the NLSY) to look at socioeconomic gaps in performance character strengths, and the relative importance of performance character strengths for educational attainment. We find that family income and maternal education are positively associated with higher levels of performance character strengths, and that the influence of the measure on educational attainment is comparable to the influence of academic scores. |
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Bibliography Citation
Reeves, Richard V., Joanna Venator and Kimberly Howard. "The Character Factor: Measures and Impact of Drive and Prudence." Report, Center on Children and Families, The Brookings Institution, October 22, 2014. |
| 3. |
Venator, Joanna |
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Dual-Earner Migration Patterns: The Role of Locational Compatibility within Households Presented: Washington DC, Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management (APPAM) Annual Fall Research Conference, November 2018 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management (APPAM) Keyword(s): Dual-Career Families; Geocoded Data; Migration; Mobility, Residential; Occupations Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. In this paper, I analyze how locational compatibility of married couples' occupations affect their household migration decisions. First, I use indices of occupational agglomeration to explore whether spouses in occupations concentrated in similar regions are more or less likely to move and the implications of this compatibility on their earnings post-move. This descriptive data work suggests that if spouses' careers are concentrated in similar locations or if spouses have similar preferred locations, they are more likely to both earn more and move more. I then build a structural model in which households decide whether to move as a function of occupation- location match and individual location preference shocks. I estimate the model using full information maximum likelihood with data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979, with separate estimation for households with married couples and for households with individuals. Using this model, I show that migration costs vary across occupation groups, with those in occupations that are more locationally disperse having lower migration costs. I then use the parameters estimates from the married couple's model and the individual's model to show that differences in migration rates across household types is not associated with systematically different preferences for married versus single individuals, but instead due to the increased costs of moving when a household has two people's preferences to consider and the mismatch in returns to migration by occupation and location within a household. |
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Bibliography Citation
Venator, Joanna. "Dual-Earner Migration Patterns: The Role of Locational Compatibility within Households." Presented: Washington DC, Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management (APPAM) Annual Fall Research Conference, November 2018. |
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Venator, Joanna |
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Essays on the Spatial Economics of the Family Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Economics, The University of Wisconsin - Madison, 2021 Cohort(s): NLSY97 Publisher: ProQuest Dissertations & Theses (PQDT) Keyword(s): Dual-Career Families; Earnings, Husbands; Earnings, Wives; Geocoded Data; Household Structure; Migration Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. In this dissertation, I study how household's decisions about where to live vary across household structure and impact marriage and fertility decisions. The first chapter examines how married couples' migration decisions differentially impact men's and women's earnings and the role that policy can play in improving post-move outcomes for trailing spouses. I use a difference-in-differences methodology to show that access to unemployment insurance for trailing spouses increases the likelihood that households move by 2.3 p.p. and improves the post-move labor market outcomes of women. I then build and estimate a structural model of dual-earner couples' migration decisions to evaluate the effects of a series of counterfactual policies. I show that increasing the likelihood of joint distant offers substantively increases migration rates, increases women's post-move employment rates, and improves both men and women's earnings growth at the time of a move. The second chapter explores the role that joint geographic constraints play in dual-earner household migration decisions. I develop a measure of joint geographic constraints adapted from a pairwise occupational co-agglomeration index and demonstrate that being well-matched to one's spouse in terms of occupation clustering is positively associated with earnings for women and secondary earners. I show that higher values on the co-agglomeration index is associated with higher mobility rates for dual-earner households as well, consistent with the theory that occupational sorting impacts married couple's ability to overcome dual-earner migration frictions. |
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Bibliography Citation
Venator, Joanna. Essays on the Spatial Economics of the Family. Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Economics, The University of Wisconsin - Madison, 2021. |