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Source: Canadian Journal of Psychiatry
Resulting in 2 citations.
| 1. |
Lamb, Michael E. |
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Effects of Nonparental Child Care on Child Development: An Update Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 41,6 (August 1996): 330-342. Also: http://www.mendeley.com/research/effects-nonparental-child-care-child-development-update/ Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Canadian Psychiatric Association Keyword(s): Behavioral Problems; Child Care; Child Development; Children, Behavioral Development; Cognitive Ability; Cognitive Development; Infants; Maternal Employment Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Objective: To review the published literature on the effects of nonparental and out-of-home care on infants, toddlers, and preschoolers. Method: Narrative literature review. Results: Although substantial controversy persists, the accumulated evidence suggests that nonparental care does not necessarily have either beneficial or detrimental effects on infants and children, although it can have such effects. In some circumstances, care providers establish relationships with children that have significant effects on development, and this increases the importance of ensuring that care providers are well trained, behave sensitively, and are stable rather than ephemeral figures in children's lives. Nonparental care is associated with behaviour problems (including aggression and noncompliance) when the care is of poor quality and opportunities for meaningful relationships with stable care providers are not available, however. Conclusion: The effects of out-of-home care vary depending on the quality of care as well as the characteristics of individual children, including their age, temperaments, and individual backgrounds. |
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Bibliography Citation
Lamb, Michael E. "Effects of Nonparental Child Care on Child Development: An Update." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 41,6 (August 1996): 330-342.
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| 2. |
Van Lieshout, Ryan J. Boylan, Khrista |
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Increased Depressive Symptoms in Female but Not Male Adolescents Born at Low Birth Weight in the Offspring of a National Cohort Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 55,7 (July 2010): 422-430. Also: http://publications.cpa-apc.org/media.php?mid=994 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79 Publisher: Canadian Psychiatric Association Keyword(s): Attention/Attention Deficit; Behavior Problems Index (BPI); Birthweight; CESD (Depression Scale); Depression (see also CESD); Digit Span (also see Memory for Digit Span - WISC); Gender Differences; Intergenerational Patterns/Transmission Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Objectives: To test if being born at low birth weight (LBW; <2500 g) or being small for gestational age (SGA; <10th percentile for gestational age [GA]) are associated with increased levels of depressive symptoms in youth and, if so, when these first emerge, if the relation is sex-specific, and whether this effect is direct or mediated by early life difficulties. Methods: Associations between LBW, SGA, and depressive symptoms at ages 4 to 7 years and 10 to 14 years were tested in 1230 children born to the female participants of the National Longitudinal Study of Youth using linear regression models adjusting for maternal age, ethnicity, education, weight, depressive symptoms, marital status, and income. We also adjusted for GA, the child's age, and depressive symptoms at ages 4 to 7 years. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and short-term memory at ages 8 to 10 years were also assessed for their putative role in mediating this relation. Results: LBW and SGA were associated with increased levels of depressive symptoms in adolescent girls only. This persisted despite adjustment for perinatal factors and was not accounted for by putative mediators. In males and females, increased levels of depressive symptoms were associated with elevated maternal pre-pregnancy weight, depression, and single marital status, as well as childhood ADHD and depressive symptoms. Similar results were found for infants born SGA. Conclusions: Our results support the existence of a female-specific association between LBW, SGA, and adolescent depressive symptoms. Differences in exposures to maternal mediators of stress or developmental factors may underlie these findings. |
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Bibliography Citation
Van Lieshout, Ryan J. and Khrista Boylan. "Increased Depressive Symptoms in Female but Not Male Adolescents Born at Low Birth Weight in the Offspring of a National Cohort." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 55,7 (July 2010): 422-430.
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