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Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)

Resulting in 3 citations.

1.	Baum, Charles L., II
1.	The Effects of Food Stamps on Obesity USDA Research and Information Collections. Washington, DC: US Department of Agriculture, 2007. Also: http://hdl.handle.net/10113/32855 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Keyword(s): Benefits; Body Mass Index (BMI); Food Stamps (see Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program); Gender Differences; Nutritional Status/Nutrition/Consumption Behaviors; Obesity Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. This report uses 1985-2000 data from the 1979 cohort of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth to examine the effects of the Food Stamp Program on obesity. The effects are found to differ by gender, level of benefits, and duration of participation. Results suggest that, for females, current program participation increases Body Mass Index (by 0.5 index point on average) as well as the probability of being obese (between 2 and 5 percentage points). Current program participation was not found to have significant effects for males. Long-term participation is found to increase obesity for females and males.
	Bibliography Citation Baum, Charles L., II. The Effects of Food Stamps on Obesity. USDA Research and Information Collections. Washington, DC: US Department of Agriculture, 2007..

2.	Department of Agriculture
2.	Poverty Among Older Women Family Economics and Nutrition Review 11,3 (Fall 1998): 71-73. Also: http://www.usda.gov/cnpp/FENR%20V11N3/fenrv11n3p71.PDF Cohort(s): Mature Women Publisher: U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Keyword(s): Age and Ageing; Family Income; Poverty; Social Security; Transfers, Financial Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Examined the extent to which poverty among older women is the result of specific events that happen in old age or is more likely to be a continuation of earlier-life conditions. Data were drawn from the National Longitudinal Survey of Mature Women (NLSMW). The first NLSMW interview took place in 1967 with 5,000 women aged 30-44. Over the next 25 years, participants were interviewed 16 times. By 1992, 3,000 women aged 55-69 remained in the survey. To assess the economic status of participants in various years, annual family income was divided by the relevant poverty threshold to compute income-to-poverty ratios for particular survey years. For the poor and near-poor groups of women aged 62 and older, Social Security and other government cash transfers made up 80% of family income in 1991-1992, but only 33% of total income for all other women. Being poor or near-poor was positively correlated with lower levels of education, poorer health, being unmarried, being nonwhite, living in the South, having little private pension income, living alone, and having 5 or more children. In general, earlier-life conditions were strong precursors of poverty status in old age, with later-life events having much less influence. Whether or not women entered poverty because of adverse later-life events depended on their economic resources just before the event. For many women, widowhood and divorce brought about economic hardship, but for most older women, these types of traumatic events did not bring about poverty spells. (AR) (AgeLine Database, copyright 2002 AARP, all rights reserved.)
	Bibliography Citation Department of Agriculture. "Poverty Among Older Women." Family Economics and Nutrition Review 11,3 (Fall 1998): 71-73.

3.	Kowaleski-Jones, Lori Duncan, Greg J.
3.	Effects of Participation in Food Assistance Programs on Children's Health and Development: Evidence from NLSY Children Presented: Washington, DC, USDA/Institute for Research on Poverty Food Assistance Small Grants Conference, October 1999. Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79 Publisher: U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Keyword(s): Aid for Families with Dependent Children (AFDC); Birthweight; Child Health; Hispanics; Motor and Social Development (MSD); Temperament; Welfare Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. This study investigates the effects of WIC participation on birth weight, motor and social skills, and temperament for a national sample of children. Sibling fixed effect models are used to account for potential unmeasured heterogeneity among the mothers of children in this sample. Specifically, the sample contains children born between 1990 and 1996 to women from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. Results from this study indicate that prenatal WIC participation has positive effects on infant birth weight using both OLS and fixed effect regression techniques. Fixed effect estimates also suggest that prenatal WIC participation is associated with lower scores on measures of difficult temperament. The data is drawn from the 1996 and earlier survey waves of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, a nationally representative sample of men and women. The youth cohort were 14 to 21 years of age when interviewed in 1979, making them 31 to 38 in 1996. The original sample over represented black, Hispanic, and economically disadvantaged white youth. This cohort, of whom the mothers of the children we study are members, has been interviewed every year since 1979. Beginning in 1986, interviewers administered an extensive set of assessment instruments to the children of all the female respondents. These assessments include information about cognitive, socio-emotional, and psychological aspects of the child=s development as well as about the quality of the home environment (Baker et al, 1993). These same children were interviewed again in 1988, 1990, 1992, 1994, and in 1996.
	Bibliography Citation Kowaleski-Jones, Lori and Greg J. Duncan. "Effects of Participation in Food Assistance Programs on Children's Health and Development: Evidence from NLSY Children." Presented: Washington, DC, USDA/Institute for Research on Poverty Food Assistance Small Grants Conference, October 1999.

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