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Author: Bailey, Martha J.

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1.	Bailey, Martha J. Dynarski, Susan M.
1.	Gains and Gaps: Changing Inequality in U.S. College Entry and Completion Working Paper No. 17633. National Bureau of Economic Research, December 2011. Also Univ. of Michigan, Population Studies Center, PSC Research Report No. 11-746. December 2011. Also: http://www.nber.org/papers/w17633 Cohort(s): NLSY79, NLSY97 Publisher: Population Studies Center, University of Michigan Keyword(s): College Education; College Enrollment; College Graduates; Educational Attainment; Gender Differences; Income Level Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. We describe changes over time in inequality in postsecondary education using nearly seventy years of data from the U.S. Census and the 1979 and 1997 National Longitudinal Surveys of Youth. We find growing gaps between children from high- and low-income families in college entry, persistence, and graduation. Rates of college completion increased by only four percentage points for low-income cohorts born around 1980 relative to cohorts born in the early 1960s, but by 18 percentage points for corresponding cohorts who grew up in high-income families. Among men, inequality in educational attainment has increased slightly since the early 1980s. But among women, inequality in educational attainment has risen sharply, driven by increases in the education of the daughters of high-income parents. Sex differences in educational attainment, which were small or nonexistent thirty years ago, are now substantial, with women outpacing men in every demographic group. The female advantage in educational attainment is largest in the top quartile of the income distribution. These sex differences present a formidable challenge to standard explanations for rising inequality in educational attainment.
	Bibliography Citation Bailey, Martha J. and Susan M. Dynarski. "Gains and Gaps: Changing Inequality in U.S. College Entry and Completion." Working Paper No. 17633. National Bureau of Economic Research, December 2011. Also Univ. of Michigan, Population Studies Center, PSC Research Report No. 11-746. December 2011.Also: http://www.nber.org/papers/w17633.

2.	Bailey, Martha J. Dynarski, Susan M.
2.	Inequality in Postsecondary Education In: Whither Opportunity? Rising Inequality, Schools, and Children's Life Chances. R. Murnane and G. Duncan, eds., New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2011: 117-132 Cohort(s): NLSY79, NLSY97 Publisher: Russell Sage Foundation Keyword(s): College Education; College Enrollment; College Graduates; Educational Attainment; Gender Differences; Income Level
	Bibliography Citation Bailey, Martha J. and Susan M. Dynarski. "Inequality in Postsecondary Education" In: Whither Opportunity? Rising Inequality, Schools, and Children's Life Chances. R. Murnane and G. Duncan, eds., New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2011: 117-132

3.	Bailey, Martha J. Hershbein, Brad Miller, Amalia Rebecca
3.	The Opt-In Revolution? Contraception and the Gender Gap in Wages Working Paper No. 17922. National Bureau of Economic Research, March 2012. Also: http://www.nber.org/papers/w17922 Cohort(s): Young Women Publisher: National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) Keyword(s): Career Patterns; Contraception; Gender; Gender Differences; Human Capital; Wage Rates; Wages; Women Decades of research on the U.S. gender gap in wages describes its correlates, but little is known about why women changed their career paths in the 1960s and 1970s. This paper explores the role of “the Pill” in altering women’s human capital investments and its ultimate implications for life-cycle wages. Using state-by-birth-cohort variation in legal access to contraception, we show that younger access to the Pill conferred an 8-percent hourly wage premium by age fifty. Our estimates imply that the Pill can account for 10 percent of the convergence of the gender gap in the 1980s and 30 percent in the 1990s.
	Bibliography Citation Bailey, Martha J., Brad Hershbein and Amalia Rebecca Miller. "The Opt-In Revolution? Contraception and the Gender Gap in Wages." Working Paper No. 17922. National Bureau of Economic Research, March 2012.

4.	Bailey, Martha J. Hershbein, Brad Miller, Amalia Rebecca
4.	The Opt-In Revolution? Contraception and the Gender Gap in Wages American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 4,3 (July 2012): 225-254. Also: https://www.aeaweb.org/articles.php?doi=10.1257/app.4.3.225&fnd=s Cohort(s): Young Women Publisher: American Economic Association Keyword(s): Contraception; Gender Differences; Human Capital; Life Cycle Research; Wage Gap; Wage Penalty/Career Penalty Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Decades of research on the US gender gap in wages describes its correlates, but little is known about why women changed their career paths in the 1960s and 1970s. This paper explores the role of "the Pill" in altering women's human capital investments and its ultimate implications for life-cycle wages. Using state-by-birthcohort variation in legal access, we show that younger access to the Pill conferred an 8 percent hourly wage premium by age 50. Our estimates imply that the Pill can account for 10 percent of the convergence of the gender gap in the 1980s and 30 percent in the 1990s. (JEL J13, J16, J31, J71, J24)
	Bibliography Citation Bailey, Martha J., Brad Hershbein and Amalia Rebecca Miller. "The Opt-In Revolution? Contraception and the Gender Gap in Wages." American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 4,3 (July 2012): 225-254.

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