Search Results
Author: Blau, Francine D.
Resulting in 13 citations.
| 1. |
Blau, Francine D. |
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Impact of the Unemployment Rate on Labor Force Entries and Exits In: Women's Changing Roles at Home and on the Job: National Commission for Manpower Policy, Special Report No: 26. Washington DC: U.S. GPO, 1978 Cohort(s): Mature Women Publisher: U.S. Department of Labor Keyword(s): Discouraged Workers; Exits; Family Influences; Health/Health Status/SF-12 Scale; Job Turnover; Unemployment The author uses NLS data of women 34-48 to reexamine the impact of the unemployment rate on the labor force participation of married women. The results show that the discouraged worker effect is dominant among white women, while the additional worker effect predominates among blacks. For both races, the unemployment rate has a stronger impact on labor force entries than on labor force exits. These findings suggest that the cyclical sensitivity of the labor force participation of married women is a result of economic conditions affecting the timing of labor force entry. In the future, the trend toward increasing labor force participation of women will eventually mean that fewer individuals will be outside the labor force, which would cause the participation rates of married women to become less cyclically sensitive (i.e., the impact of entrants on overall participation rates will be reduced). |
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Bibliography Citation
Blau, Francine D. "Impact of the Unemployment Rate on Labor Force Entries and Exits" In: Women's Changing Roles at Home and on the Job: National Commission for Manpower Policy, Special Report No: 26. Washington DC: U.S. GPO, 1978
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| 2. |
Blau, Francine D. |
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Youth and Jobs: Participation and Unemployment Rates Youth and Society 11,1 (September 1979): 32-52. Also: http://yas.sagepub.com/content/11/1/32 Cohort(s): Young Men, Young Women Publisher: Sage Publications Keyword(s): Unemployment, Youth; Work Attitudes Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. This research analyzes the relationship between local area unemployment rates and the youth labor supply. The net effect of the unemployment rate on the probability of labor force participation was found to be negative. Net discouragement was greater among women than men, and larger among blacks than among whites. The study also examines the net impact of the unemployment rate on labor supply adjustments over a one-year period in which no significant effect was found. |
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Bibliography Citation
Blau, Francine D. "Youth and Jobs: Participation and Unemployment Rates." Youth and Society 11,1 (September 1979): 32-52.
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| 3. |
Blau, Francine D. |
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Youth Participation Rates and the Availability of Jobs In: Supplementary Papers, Conference on Youth Unemployment: Its Measurement and Meaning. N.B. Davidson, ed. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration, October 1978: pp. 56-76 Cohort(s): Young Men, Young Women Publisher: U.S. Department of Labor Keyword(s): Behavior; Discouraged Workers; Local Area Unemployment; Unemployment; Work History This paper uses data from the NLS of Young Men and Women to examine the relationship between local area unemployment rates and the labor supply behavior of youth aged eighteen to twenty-four in l970. The net effect of the unemployment rate on the probability of labor force participation in l970 is found to be negative. Net discouragement appears to be greater among young women than among young men, and to be larger among blacks than among whites. Since local labor market unemployment rates tend to be correlated over time, the coefficient on the unemployment rate variable in the participation regressions was held to approximate a long-term supply response to persistent inter-city differences. The net impact of the unemployment rate on labor supply adjustments over a one-year period is also examined. No significant effect of unemployment rate on the probability of labor force entry or exit between l970 and l971 is obtained. These findings suggest that net effect of the ups and downs of the business cycle on the labor force participation of youth would not be very great. However, prolonged periods of high unemployment could produce net discouragement for this age group. At the level of the local labor market, our results suggest the efficacy and importance of policies designed to stimulate aggregate demand in depressed labor markets. |
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Bibliography Citation
Blau, Francine D. "Youth Participation Rates and the Availability of Jobs" In: Supplementary Papers, Conference on Youth Unemployment: Its Measurement and Meaning. N.B. Davidson, ed. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration, October 1978: pp. 56-76
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Blau, Francine D. Ehrenberg, Ronald G. |
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Gender and Family Issues in the Workplace New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation, 1997 Cohort(s): NLSY79, Young Women Publisher: Russell Sage Foundation Keyword(s): Gender Differences; Leave, Family or Maternity/Paternity; Maternal Employment; Wages, Women; Women's Studies Table of Contents: http://www.russellsage.org/publications/titles/pdf_files/gendertoc.pdf. Introduction -- Career and family : college women look to the past -- Labor supply effects of state maternity leave legislation -- Working mothers then and now : a cross-cohort analysis of the effects of maternity leave on women's pay -- Parental leave policies in Europe and North America -- Work norms and professional labor markets -- Early career supervisor gender and the labor market outcomes of young workers -- Three perspectives on policy. Papers presented at a conference held in April 1995 at the New York State School of Industrial and Labor Relations, Cornell University./ Includes bibliographical references (p. 285-295) and index. 2000 edition: 1st paperback ed. |
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Bibliography Citation
Blau, Francine D. and Ronald G. Ehrenberg. Gender and Family Issues in the Workplace. New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation, 1997. |
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Blau, Francine D. Graham, John W. |
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Black-White Differences in Wealth and Asset Composition Quarterly Journal of Economics 105,2 (May 1990): 321-339. Also: http://qje.oxfordjournals.org/content/105/2/321.abstract Cohort(s): Young Men, Young Women Publisher: Wiley Online Keyword(s): Assets; Income; Racial Differences; Transfers, Family; Wealth Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Racial differences in the magnitude and composition of wealth are examined using data from the 1976 and 1978 NLS of Young Men and Young Women. On average, it is found that: (1) young black families hold 18% of the wealth of young white families; and (2) these black families hold their wealth in proportionately different forms. Blacks share a variety of characteristics that may lower their net worth relative to whites, including lower income and such demographic factors as a higher incidence of central city residence and families with single heads. The income difference is found to be the largest single factor explaining racial differences in wealth. However, even after controlling for income and other demographic factors, as much as 3/4 of the wealth gap remains. The causes of these differences are explored. It is concluded that racial differences in intergenerational transfers and, to a lesser extent, barriers to the accumulation of business and home equity most likely play a role. [ABI/INFORM] |
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Bibliography Citation
Blau, Francine D. and John W. Graham. "Black-White Differences in Wealth and Asset Composition." Quarterly Journal of Economics 105,2 (May 1990): 321-339.
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Blau, Francine D. Grossberg, Adam J. |
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Maternal Labor Supply and Children's Cognitive Development NBER Working Paper No. 3536, National Bureau of Economic Research, 1990. Also: http://nber.nber.org/papers/W3536 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Publisher: National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) Keyword(s): Adolescent Fertility; Armed Forces Qualifications Test (AFQT); Child Care; Child Development; Children, Academic Development; Fathers, Absence; Gender Differences; General Assessment; Maternal Employment; Mothers, Education; Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT) This paper analyzes the relationship between maternal labor supply and children's cognitive development, using a sample of three- and four-year old children of female respondents from the 1986 NLSY. Respondents of the NLSY were aged 21-29 in 1986; thus the sample consists of children of relatively young mothers. The authors show that for this group the impact of maternal labor supply depends upon when it occurs. Maternal employment is found to have a negative impact when it occurs in the first year of the child's life and a potentially offsetting positive effect when it occurs during the second and subsequent years. Some evidence was found that boys are more sensitive to maternal labor supply than girls, though the gender difference is not significant. The negative first-year effect is not mitigated to any great extent by the increased maternal income that accompanies it, though the increase in maternal income does appear to play an important role in producing the positive effect in the second and later years. |
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Bibliography Citation
Blau, Francine D. and Adam J. Grossberg. "Maternal Labor Supply and Children's Cognitive Development." NBER Working Paper No. 3536, National Bureau of Economic Research, 1990. |
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Blau, Francine D. Grossberg, Adam J. |
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Maternal Labor Supply and Children's Cognitive Development Review of Economics and Statistics 74,3 (August 1992): 474-481. Also: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2109492 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Publisher: Harvard University Press Keyword(s): Armed Forces Qualifications Test (AFQT); Child Care; Child Development; Children, Academic Development; Fathers, Absence; Gender Differences; General Assessment; Maternal Employment; Mothers, Education; Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT) Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. This paper analyzes the relationship between maternal labor supply and children's cognitive development using a sample of three- and four-year-old children of female respondents from the 1986 National Longitudinal Survey Youth Cohort. Maternal employment is found to have a negative impact when it occurs during the first year of the child's life and a potentially offsetting positive effect when it occurs during the second and subsequent years. The authors' findings suggest that maternal employment throughout a child's first three or four years would have no net effect on the child's cognitive ability. |
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Bibliography Citation
Blau, Francine D. and Adam J. Grossberg. "Maternal Labor Supply and Children's Cognitive Development." Review of Economics and Statistics 74,3 (August 1992): 474-481.
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Blau, Francine D. Kahn, Lawrence M. |
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Causes and Consequences of Layoffs Economic Inquiry 19,2 (April 1981): 270-296. Also: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1465-7295.1981.tb01134.x/abstract Cohort(s): Young Men, Young Women Publisher: Western Economic Association International Keyword(s): Job Turnover; Layoffs; Modeling, Probit; Unemployment Using probit analysis, this article finds that differential treatment accounts for a substantial portion of the higher layoff rates of blacks in comparison to whites. However, women are found to be considerably less prone to layoffs than men with similar characteristics. Among those who obtained subsequent employment (taking into account the possible selectivity bias in such a subsample), white males are hurt more by layoffs than black males in terms of both short-term and long-term earnings growth; women's earnings are not necessarily affected by layoff at all. However, whites and males are found to be more likely to be reemployed than blacks and females, respectively. |
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Bibliography Citation
Blau, Francine D. and Lawrence M. Kahn. "Causes and Consequences of Layoffs." Economic Inquiry 19,2 (April 1981): 270-296.
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| 9. |
Blau, Francine D. Kahn, Lawrence M. |
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Determinants and Consequences of Obtaining Unionized Employment Mimeo, Santa Barbara CA: Community and Organization Research Institute, University of California, 1979 Cohort(s): Young Men, Young Women Publisher: Community and Organization Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara Keyword(s): Earnings; Employment; Job Search; Unemployment; Unions Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. The report examines the union impact on job search. Using the National Longitudinal Surveys of Young Men and Young Women, the study finds that other things equal, the probability that a job changer obtains a union rather than a nonunion job is negatively associated with the number of weeks of unemployed search between jobs. This finding is consistent with a systematic search model. Searchers have prior information about the firms being sampled. To maximize expected wealth, job seekers contact high wage (union) firms before low wage (nonunion) firms. An inverse relationship between search time and unionism results. This finding further implies that existing estimates of union-nonunion wage differentials underestimate the total union effect when search time is taken into account. The difference in expected wage offers for union and nonunion jobs confronting searchers is found to be 24.9%. |
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Bibliography Citation
Blau, Francine D. and Lawrence M. Kahn. "Determinants and Consequences of Obtaining Unionized Employment." Mimeo, Santa Barbara CA: Community and Organization Research Institute, University of California, 1979. |
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Blau, Francine D. Kahn, Lawrence M. |
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Job Search and Unionized Employment Economic Inquiry 21,3 (July 1983): 412-430. Also: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1465-7295.2008.00159.x/abstract Cohort(s): Young Men, Young Women Publisher: Western Economic Association International Keyword(s): Job Search; Unemployment; Unions; Wages; Wages, Reservation This study examines the relationship between job search and obtaining a union job. The findings indicate that the presence of a union-nonunion wage differential causes workers to seek high paying union jobs. The results further show that finding a union job is negatively related to weeks of unemployed search, and positively related to a job seeker's other family income, other things equal. In other words, a higher reservation wage increases the likelihood of obtaining unionized employment. |
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Bibliography Citation
Blau, Francine D. and Lawrence M. Kahn. "Job Search and Unionized Employment." Economic Inquiry 21,3 (July 1983): 412-430.
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| 11. |
Blau, Francine D. Kahn, Lawrence M. |
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Race and Sex Differences in Quits by Young Workers Industrial and Labor Relations Review 34,4 (July 1981): 563-577. Also: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2522478 Cohort(s): Young Men, Young Women Publisher: New York State School of Industrial and Labor Relations, Cornell University Keyword(s): Children; Earnings; Heterogeneity; Job Training; Marital Status; Quits; Racial Differences; Unemployment; Unions This study uses data from the NLS of Young Men and Women to analyze race and sex differences in the probability and consequences of quitting. The authors find that overall quit rates in this group are higher for women than for men and about the same for blacks and whites. When several personal and job characteristics are held constant, however, the quit rates of young men and women are about the same and young blacks actually quit less frequently than young whites. When an instrumental variable approach is used to account for sample heterogeneity, it is found that, for all race and sex groups, quitting improved both current wages and long-term earnings prospects. Further, the improvement in long- term earnings prospects is found to be greater than the gain in current earnings, suggesting that training opportunities are an important consideration in the job shifts of all young people. |
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Bibliography Citation
Blau, Francine D. and Lawrence M. Kahn. "Race and Sex Differences in Quits by Young Workers." Industrial and Labor Relations Review 34,4 (July 1981): 563-577.
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| 12. |
Blau, Francine D. Kahn, Lawrence M. |
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Unionism, Seniority and Turnover Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society 22,3 (September 1983): 362-373. Also: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-232X.1983.tb00941.x/abstract Cohort(s): Older Men, Young Men Publisher: Institute of Industrial Relations, University of California, Berkeley Keyword(s): Collective Bargaining; Job Tenure; Job Turnover; Layoffs; Quits; Unions Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. This paper tests the exit-voice model by estimating the union effect on quits and total, temporary and permanent layoffs separately for older (i.e., more senior) and younger (i.e., more junior) men. The results are supportive of the exit-voice model. First, unions are found to have a much larger (in absolute value) negative effective effect on older than on younger men's quitting, and to raise young men's total layoffs to a greater extent than older men's. Further, although unions have large significant positive effects on temporary layoffs for both male cohorts, collective bargaining was found to raise young men's and lower older men's permanent layoffs. |
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Bibliography Citation
Blau, Francine D. and Lawrence M. Kahn. "Unionism, Seniority and Turnover." Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society 22,3 (September 1983): 362-373.
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| 13. |
Parnes, Herbert S. Jusenius, Carol L. Blau, Francine D. Nestel, Gilbert |
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Dual Careers, Volume 4: A Longitudinal Analysis of the Labor Market Experience of Women Manpower Research Monograph 21, Volume 4. Washington DC: US GPO, 1976 Cohort(s): Mature Women Publisher: U.S. Department of Labor Keyword(s): Career Patterns; Child Care; Children; Job Satisfaction; Mobility; Occupational Status; Work Attitudes; Work Experience Irrespective of marital status, the degree of success that women enjoy in the labor market is substantially related to the extent of their previous investments in human capital. To take the most obvious example, the number of years of schooling a woman has completed bears a substantial positive relationship with her earnings in 1972, with the socioeconomic status of her first job after leaving school, with the extent of her upward occupational mobility between her first and 1967 jobs and over the five-year period between 1967 and 1972, and with the likelihood of her having pursued a career. Like education, training also contributes to labor market success. Women who have participated in training programs outside regular school are more likely than comparable women without such training to have pursued careers, to have experienced upward occupational mobility, and to enjoy high current earnings. |
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Bibliography Citation
Parnes, Herbert S., Carol L. Jusenius, Francine D. Blau and Gilbert Nestel. Dual Careers, Volume 4: A Longitudinal Analysis of the Labor Market Experience of Women. Manpower Research Monograph 21, Volume 4. Washington DC: US GPO, 1976. |