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Author: Bloom, David E.
Resulting in 9 citations.
1. Bennett, Neil G.
Bloom, David E.
The Influence of Nonmarital Childbearing on the Formation of Marital Unions
Presented: Bethesda, MA, NICHD Conference, "Outcomes of Early Childbearing: An Appraisal of Recent Evidence", May 1992
Cohort(s): NLSY79, Young Women
Publisher: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
Keyword(s): Adolescent Fertility; Aid for Families with Dependent Children (AFDC); Behavior; Childbearing; Fertility; Marriage; Modeling, Hazard/Event History/Survival/Duration; National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG)

The central objective of this paper is to explore the interrelationships between out-of-wedlock childbearing and subsequent marriage behavior. In Section II we document a negative association between these events in three large survey data sets. We also fit some simple hazard models, which account for the varying degrees of exposure to marriage formation experienced by individuals, that show that this negative association persists (although somewhat less strongly) when one contrasts women who are comparable in terrns of a standard set of social and demographic background variables. In Section III we attempt to disentangle some of the alternative explanations for the negative association between out-of-wedlock childbearing and subsequent marriage. We do this by examining the effect of children (both those maritally and nonmaritally borne) on a woman's remarriage prospects and by analyzing some time use data for unwed mothers and other women. We also explore the presence of reverse causality in the relationship between unwed motherhood and marriage by examining whether women who think they are less likely to marry (for whatever reason) have higher rates of unwed motherhood. Our results are summarized and discussed in Section IV. The data sets were extracted from Cycle IV of the National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG), the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY), and the National Longitudinal Survey of Young Women (NLSYW).
Bibliography Citation
Bennett, Neil G. and David E. Bloom. "The Influence of Nonmarital Childbearing on the Formation of Marital Unions." Presented: Bethesda, MA, NICHD Conference, "Outcomes of Early Childbearing: An Appraisal of Recent Evidence", May 1992.
2. Bennett, Neil G.
Bloom, David E.
The Influence of Nonmarital Childbearing on the Formation of Marital Unions
Presented: Cincinnati, OH, American Sociological Association Annual Meetings, August 1991
Cohort(s): NLSY79, Young Women
Publisher: American Sociological Association
Keyword(s): Adolescent Fertility; Aid for Families with Dependent Children (AFDC); Behavior; Childbearing; Fertility; Marriage; Modeling, Hazard/Event History/Survival/Duration; National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG)

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

The central objective of this paper is to explore the interrelationships between outof-wedlock childbearing and subsequent marriage behavior. In Section II we document a negative association between these events in three large survey data sets. We also fit some simple hazard models, which account for the varying degrees of exposure to marriage formation experienced by individuals, that show that this negative association persists (although somewhat less strongly) when one contrasts women who are comparable in terrns of a standard set of social and demographic background variables. In Section III we attempt to disentangle some of the alternative explanations for the negative association between out-of-wedlock childbearing and subsequent marriage. We do this by examining the effect of children (both those maritally and nonmaritally borne) on a woman's remarriage prospects and by analyzing some time use data for unwed mothers and other women. We also explore the presence of reverse causality in the relationship between unwed motherhood and marriage by examining whether women who think they are less likely to marry (for whatever reason) have higher rates of unwed motherhood. Our results are summarized and discussed in Section IV. The data sets were extracted from Cycle IV of the National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG), the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY), and the National Longitudinal Survey of Young Women (NLSYW).
Bibliography Citation
Bennett, Neil G. and David E. Bloom. "The Influence of Nonmarital Childbearing on the Formation of Marital Unions." Presented: Cincinnati, OH, American Sociological Association Annual Meetings, August 1991.
3. Bennett, Neil G.
Bloom, David E.
Miller, Cynthia K.
The Influence of Nonmarital Childbearing on the Formation of First Marriages
NBER Working Paper No. 4564, National Bureau of Economic Research, December 1993.
Also: http://nber.nber.org/papers/W4564
Cohort(s): NLSY79, Young Women
Publisher: National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)
Keyword(s): Adolescent Fertility; Aid for Families with Dependent Children (AFDC); Childbearing; Cohabitation; Coresidence; Fertility; Marriage; Modeling, Hazard/Event History/Survival/Duration; Welfare; Work Knowledge

This paper examines the association between nonmarital childbearing and the subsequent likelihood of first marriage and documents a negative association between these variables--controlling for a variety of potentially confounding influences--in several large survey data sets for the United States. The paper then subjects possible explanations of this finding to empirical test. The analyses performed support the following conclusions: Nonmarital childbearing does not appear to be driven by low expectations of future marriage. Rather, nonmarital childbearing tends to be an unexpected and unwanted event that has multiple effects, which on balance are negative, on a woman's subsequent likelihood of first marriage. Nonmarital childbearers are more likely to enter informal cohabitational unions than are their single counterparts who do not bear a child. Evidence is found that the negative association between out-of-wedlock childbearing and subsequent marriage is particularly strong among welfare recipients as well as evidence that out-of-wedlock childbearing increases the likelihood that a woman marries her child's biological father. On the other hand, we find no evidence that (a) stigma associated with nonmarital childbearing plays an important role in this process or (b) the demands of children reduce the time that unmarried mothers have to devote to marriage market activities.
Bibliography Citation
Bennett, Neil G., David E. Bloom and Cynthia K. Miller. "The Influence of Nonmarital Childbearing on the Formation of First Marriages." NBER Working Paper No. 4564, National Bureau of Economic Research, December 1993.
4. Bennett, Neil G.
Bloom, David E.
Miller, Cynthia K.
The Influence of Nonmarital Childbearing on the Formation of First Marriages
Demography 32,1 (February 1995): 47-62.
Also: http://www.springerlink.com/content/u703781053n13766/
Cohort(s): NLSY79, Young Women
Publisher: Population Association of America
Keyword(s): Adolescent Fertility; Aid for Families with Dependent Children (AFDC); Childbearing; Fertility; Marital Status; Marriage; Modeling, Hazard/Event History/Survival/Duration; Welfare

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

This study documents a negative association between nonmarital childbearing and the subsequent likelihood of first marriage in the United States controlling for a variety of potentially confounding influences. Nonmarital childbearing does not appear to be driven by low expectations of future marriage. Rather, it tends to be an unexpected and unwanted event, whose effects on a woman's subsequent likelihood of first marriage are negative on balance. Results indicate that women who bear a child outside marriage and who receive welfare have a particularly low probability of marrying subsequently, although there is no evidence that AFDC recipients have lower expectations of marriage. In addition, results indicate no evidence that stigma associated with nonmarital childbearing plays an important role in this process or that the demands of children significantly reduce unmarried mothers' time for marriage market activities.
Bibliography Citation
Bennett, Neil G., David E. Bloom and Cynthia K. Miller. "The Influence of Nonmarital Childbearing on the Formation of First Marriages." Demography 32,1 (February 1995): 47-62.
5. Blackburn, McKinley L.
Bloom, David E.
Neumark, David B.
Fertility Timing, Wages, and Human Capital
Journal of Population Economics 6,1 (February 1993):1-30.
Also: http://www.springerlink.com/content/g7757p8352823q02/
Cohort(s): Young Women
Publisher: Springer
Keyword(s): Childbearing; Fertility; First Birth; Human Capital Theory; Life Cycle Research; Wages

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Women who have first births relatively late in life earn higher wages. This paper offers an explanation of this fact based on a simple life-cycle model of human capital investment and timing of first birth. The model yields conditions (that are plausibly satisfied) under which late childbearers will tend to invest more heavily in human capital than early childbearers. The empirical analysis finds results consistent with the higher wages of late childbearers arising primarily through greater measurable human capital investment. Revised, July 1992. An earlier version of this paper was presented at the March 1989 annual meetings of the Population Association of America.
Bibliography Citation
Blackburn, McKinley L., David E. Bloom and David B. Neumark. "Fertility Timing, Wages, and Human Capital." Journal of Population Economics 6,1 (February 1993):1-30.
6. Bloom, David E.
Conrad, Cecilia
Miller, Cynthia K.
Child Support and Fathers' Remarriage and Fertility
NBER Working Paper No. 5781, National Bureau of Economic Research, October 1996.
Also: http://www.nber.org/cgi-bin/wpsearch.pl?action=bibliography&paper=W5781&year=96
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)
Keyword(s): Child Support; Educational Attainment; Fathers; Fathers, Absence; Fertility; Marriage; Modeling, Hazard/Event History/Survival/Duration; Parents, Non-Custodial; Parents, Single; Remarriage; Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP)

This paper tests the hypothesis that child support obligations impede remarriage among nonresident fathers. Hazard models fit to data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth and from the Survey of Income and Program Participation reveal that child support obligations deter remarriage among low-income nonresident fathers. The benefits to children of stricter child support enforcement are thus diminished by the negative effects of child support on remarriage, as a substantial share of nonresident fathers remarry and help support women with children. Indeed, simple calculations based on our findings suggest that the financial benefits to children in single-parent families of improved enforcement may be substantially or completely offset by the negative effects of enforcement that operate indirectly through diminished remarriage. The results provide no evidence that child support influences the nature of matches in the remarriage market or the likelihood of subsequent fertility.
Bibliography Citation
Bloom, David E., Cecilia Conrad and Cynthia K. Miller. "Child Support and Fathers' Remarriage and Fertility." NBER Working Paper No. 5781, National Bureau of Economic Research, October 1996.
7. Bloom, David E.
Conrad, Cecilia
Miller, Cynthia K.
Child Support, (Re)Marriage, and the Economic Well-Being of Children
Presented: San Francisco, CA, Population Association of America Meetings, 1995
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Population Association of America
Keyword(s): Child Support; Children, Well-Being; Fathers, Absence; Heterogeneity; Marriage; Modeling; Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID); Simultaneity; Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP); Variables, Independent - Covariate

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

This paper explores whether the payment of child support influences marriage rates among nonresident fathers. Two avenues through which female-headed families can alleviate economic hardship are the receipt of child support payments and marriage (or remarriage). But the pool of men eligible to marry women who head families consists in large measure of unmarried fathers, many of whom have a legal obligation to pay (and some of whom actually do pay) child support. These child support obligations may diminish a man's willingness to undertake the financial obligations associated with marriage and may also diminish a man's desirability as a marriage partner. We examine this relationship by analyzing data contained in the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP), the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, and the National Survey of Families and Households (Waves I and 11). We develop and estimate a two-equation statistical model, one equation for the hazard of marriage among nonresident fathers, with child support entered as a time-varying covariate, and a second (jointly-estimated) equation for the payment of child support, which includes state child support policies as regressors (which help to identify the marriage equation). This simultaneous system allows us to estimate the effect of child support on the likelihood of marriage controlling for unobserved heterogeneity among nonresident fathers related to their payment of child support.
Bibliography Citation
Bloom, David E., Cecilia Conrad and Cynthia K. Miller. "Child Support, (Re)Marriage, and the Economic Well-Being of Children." Presented: San Francisco, CA, Population Association of America Meetings, 1995.
8. Bloom, David E.
Trussell, James
What are the Determinants of Delayed Childbearing and Permanent Childlessness in the United States?
Presented: Pittsburgh, PA, Population Association of America Meetings, 1983
Cohort(s): Young Women
Publisher: Population Association of America
Keyword(s): Age at First Birth; Childbearing; Children; Current Population Survey (CPS) / CPS-Fertility Supplement; Fertility; Heterogeneity; Schooling; Variables, Independent - Covariate

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

This paper presents estimates of delayed childbearing and permanent childlessness in the United States and the determinants of those phenomena. The estimates are derived by fitting the Coale-McNeil marriage model to survey data on age at first birth and by letting the parameters of the model depend on covariates. Substantively, the results provide evidence that the low first birth fertility rates experienced in the l970s were due to both delayed childbearing and to increasing levels of permanent childlessness. The results also indicate that: (1) delayed childbearing is less prevalent among black women than among non-black women; (2) education and labor force participation are important determinants of delayed childbearing; (3) the influence of education and labor force participation on delayed childbearing seems to be increasing across cohorts; (4) education is positively associated with heterogeneity among women in their age at first birth; (5) the dispersion of age at first birth is increasing across cohorts; (6) race has an insignificant effect on childlessness; and (7) education is positively associated with childlessness, with the effect on education increasing and reaching strikingly high levels for the most recent cohorts.
Bibliography Citation
Bloom, David E. and James Trussell. "What are the Determinants of Delayed Childbearing and Permanent Childlessness in the United States?" Presented: Pittsburgh, PA, Population Association of America Meetings, 1983.
9. Bloom, David E.
Trussell, James
What are the Determinants of Delayed Childbearing and Permanent Childlessness in the United States?
Demography 21,4 (November 1984): 591-611.
Also: http://www.springerlink.com/content/n40691657016u588/
Cohort(s): Young Women
Publisher: Population Association of America
Keyword(s): Age at First Birth; Childbearing; Education; Racial Differences; Variables, Independent - Covariate

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

This paper presents estimates of delayed childbearing and permanent childlessness in the United States and the determinants of those phenomena. The estimates are derived by fitting the Coale-McNeil marriage model to survey data on age at first birth and by letting the parameters of the model depend on covariates. Substantively, the results provide evidence that the low first birth fertility rates experienced in the 1970s were due to both delayed childbearing and to increasing levels of permanent childlessness. The results also indicate that (a) delayed childbearing is less prevalent among black women than among nonblack women; (b) education is an important determinant of delayed childbearing whose influence on this phenomenon seems to be increasing across cohorts; (c) education is positively associated with heterogeneity among women in their age at first birth; (d) the dispersion of age at first birth is increasing across cohorts; (e) race has an insignificant effect on childlessness; and (f) education is positively associated with childlessness, with the effect of education increasing and reaching strikingly high levels for the most recent cohorts.
Bibliography Citation
Bloom, David E. and James Trussell. "What are the Determinants of Delayed Childbearing and Permanent Childlessness in the United States?" Demography 21,4 (November 1984): 591-611.