Search Results

Author: Dooley, David
Resulting in 19 citations.
1. Dooley, David
Prause, JoAnn
Birth Weight and Mothers' Adverse Employment Change
Journal of Health and Social Behavior 46,2 (June 2005): 141-155.
Also: http://hsb.sagepub.com/content/46/2/141.abstract
Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79
Publisher: American Sociological Association
Keyword(s): Birthweight; Maternal Employment; Pre-natal Care/Exposure; Pre/post Natal Behavior; Pregnancy and Pregnancy Outcomes; Underemployment; Unemployment; Weight

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Low birth weight has been linked at the aggregate level to unemployment rates and at the individual level to subjective distress. It was hypothesized that maternal underemployment, including unemployment, involuntary part time work, and low wage work, would predict decreased birth weight. The relationship of birth weight to maternal employment changes during pregnancy was studied prospectively in 1165 singleton first births in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth data set. Controlling for other significant risk factors, women who shifted from adequate employment to underemployment had significantly lighter babies. Plausible mediators of this relationship were explored including prenatal health care, gestational age, and mother weight gain with results varying by type of underemployment. Two interactions also suggested that underemployment reduced the beneficial effect of mother weight gain on birth weight. These findings were partially replicated for low birth weight (<2500 grams) indicating the medical significance of the effect.
Bibliography Citation
Dooley, David and JoAnn Prause. "Birth Weight and Mothers' Adverse Employment Change." Journal of Health and Social Behavior 46,2 (June 2005): 141-155.
2. Dooley, David
Prause, JoAnn
Developmental Outcomes of Transitions Into and Out of Full-Time Employment
Presented: New Orleans, LA, American Psychological Society Convention, June 2002
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: American Psychological Society
Keyword(s): Birthweight; CESD (Depression Scale); Depression (see also CESD); Job Satisfaction; Job Turnover; Maternal Employment; Unemployment

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Replacing the employment/unemployment dichotomy with an employment continuum model allows inadequate employment to be taken into account. This presentation applies the employment continuum model to welfare participation and then tracks the effects of adverse employment transitions on depression and birth weight.
Bibliography Citation
Dooley, David and JoAnn Prause. "Developmental Outcomes of Transitions Into and Out of Full-Time Employment." Presented: New Orleans, LA, American Psychological Society Convention, June 2002.
3. Dooley, David
Prause, JoAnn
Effect of Favorable Employment Change on Alcohol Abuse: One- and Five-Year Follow-Ups in The National Longitudinal Survey of Youth
American Journal of Community Psychology 25,6 (December 1997): 787-807.
Also: http://www.springerlink.com/content/x56n6r1240343q35/
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Plenum Publishing Corporation
Keyword(s): Alcohol Use; Employment; Employment, Part-Time; Income Level; Job Turnover; Underemployment; Wage Levels

Job loss has been linked to adverse outcomes such as alcohol abuse, but improved employment, usually assumed to be beneficial, has seldom been evaluated and may not help with addictive disorders. Using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, young adults who were unemployed or underemployed (low income or involuntary part-time) in 1984 were followed up in 1985 and 1989. Controlling for 1984 alcohol abuse, there were no effects of positive employment change on 1985 symptoms, but there were significant restorative effects on 1985 binge drinking among those who were heavy drinkers in 1984. There also appeared to be an indirect link of favorable 1984-1985 employment change to heavy drinking in 1989 via 1989 employment status. Because the effects of underemployment partially resembled those of unemployment, the discussion cautions against the conventional wisdom of promoting any work, including underemployment, as curative for the ills of unemployment. (AUTHOR)
Bibliography Citation
Dooley, David and JoAnn Prause. "Effect of Favorable Employment Change on Alcohol Abuse: One- and Five-Year Follow-Ups in The National Longitudinal Survey of Youth." American Journal of Community Psychology 25,6 (December 1997): 787-807.
4. Dooley, David
Prause, JoAnn
Effect of Students' Self-Esteem on Later Employment Status: Interactions of Self-Esteem with Gender and Race
Applied Psychology: An International Review 46,2 (April 1997): 175-198.
Also: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1464-0597.1997.tb01223.x/abstract
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Keyword(s): Employment; Ethnic Differences; High School; Racial Differences; Self-Esteem; Sexual Activity; Unemployment

Used panel data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth to test whether prior psychological status would predict later workforce outcomes in non-college-bound young people. Self-esteem measured in 1980, while respondents were still in high school, was used to predict employment status in 1987 (N=3,055) and proportion of time spent unemployed in the years between leaving school and 1987 (N=1,905). Results show that high school students with lower self-esteem were more likely to be unemployed but that this relationship was stronger for males than females and for Whites than for Blacks. These findings were interpreted in terms of self-esteem as a psychological asset in securing and holding employment. The gender and race differences in the value of this asset were considered in terms of social repression (sexism and racism) and in terms of different sources and meanings of self-esteem across gender and racial groups. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1997 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved.)
Bibliography Citation
Dooley, David and JoAnn Prause. "Effect of Students' Self-Esteem on Later Employment Status: Interactions of Self-Esteem with Gender and Race." Applied Psychology: An International Review 46,2 (April 1997): 175-198.
5. Dooley, David
Prause, JoAnn
Effect of Unemployment on School Leavers' Self-Esteem
Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology 68,3 (September 1995): 177-192.
Also: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.2044-8325.1995.tb00580.x/abstract
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: British Psychological Society
Keyword(s): Dropouts; Job Satisfaction; Self-Esteem; Unemployment; Unemployment Rate

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Studied the effect of unemployment in a subsample from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth whose self- esteem was measured in 1980 while still in school and again in 1987. Young people who do not go to college after high school face much higher unemployment rates than adults, and their failure to find satisfactory employment may impede the growth of self-esteem at a crucial developmental stage. Unemployment and unsatisfactory employment in 1987 were both negatively related to self-esteem in 1987. All groups showed increases in self-esteem between interviews, but those satisfactorily employed gained most. In a different analysis, the percentage of time unemployed since leaving school was also negatively related to self-esteem. Although percentage of time unemployed did not add any explanatory power to the prediction of 1987 self-esteem by 1987 unemployment, it may operate indirectly on self-esteem via 1987 employment status. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1996 American Psychological Association, all rights reserved)
Bibliography Citation
Dooley, David and JoAnn Prause. "Effect of Unemployment on School Leavers' Self-Esteem." Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology 68,3 (September 1995): 177-192.
6. Dooley, David
Prause, JoAnn
Inadequate Employment and High Depressive Symptoms: Panel Analyses
Presented: Stockholm, Sweden, International Congress of Psychology, July 2000
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: International Congress of Psychology
Keyword(s): CESD (Depression Scale); Depression (see also CESD); Employment; Underemployment

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

A century's research on unemployment's health effects has largely ignored other kinds of underemployment. Inadequate employment, defined as involuntary part time or poverty wage work, appears to be rising and prevalent even during low unemployment. Using 5,113 respondents who were adequately employed in 1992, this study compared the effects of adverse employment change in 1994. Controlling for 1992 depression (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale) and background variables, both unemployed and inadequately employed workers had significantly elevated risk of high depression in 1994. The results support a paradigm change; employment would be better studied as a continuum than a dichotomy.
Bibliography Citation
Dooley, David and JoAnn Prause. "Inadequate Employment and High Depressive Symptoms: Panel Analyses." Presented: Stockholm, Sweden, International Congress of Psychology, July 2000.
7. Dooley, David
Prause, JoAnn
Mental Health and Welfare Transitions: Depression and Alcohol Abuse in AFDC Women
American Journal of Community Psychology 30,6 (December 2002): 787-813.
Also: http://www.springerlink.com/content/l724x7r707655rx6/
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Plenum Publishing Corporation
Keyword(s): Alcohol Use; Depression (see also CESD); Marital Status; Welfare

From a selection perspective, does prior dysfunction select women into welfare or serve as a barrier to leaving welfare? From a social causation perspective, does entering or exiting welfare lead to changes in well being? These questions were analyzed in panel data for over 3,600 women drawn from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth for the period 1992-94. Welfare is associated with both depression and alcohol consumption cross-sectionally. This link appears to derive in small part from selection into welfare by depression (in interaction with marital status), but depression and alcohol abuse did not operate as barriers to leaving welfare. Entering welfare was clearly associated with increased depression and alcohol consumption, but confidence in an apparent beneficial effect on alcohol symptoms of leaving welfare for employment was limited by small sample sizes. These findings are located in the context of the 1996-welfare reform and the recent economic expansion. One implication is that community psychology should consider welfare entry as a risk factor similar to adverse employment changes such as job loss.
Bibliography Citation
Dooley, David and JoAnn Prause. "Mental Health and Welfare Transitions: Depression and Alcohol Abuse in AFDC Women." American Journal of Community Psychology 30,6 (December 2002): 787-813.
8. Dooley, David
Prause, JoAnn
Predictors of Early Alcohol Drinking Onset
Journal of Child and Adolescent Substance Abuse 16,2 (Spring 2006): 1-29.
Also: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1300/J029v16n02_01
Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79
Publisher: Haworth Press, Inc.
Keyword(s): Alcohol Use; Behavior Problems Index (BPI); Drug Use; Substance Use

Early alcohol drinking onset (ADO) has been implicated as a cause of adult alcohol disorder inviting interventions that target the causes of ADO. This study explores the precursors of early ADO using variables measured before drinking onset, reaching back to the mothers of the respondents. The sample consists of children of the women respondents in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (79) who were 11 or 12 and still not drinking in the baseline interviews and who were re-interviewed two years later (n = 1951). The risk of drinking onset by age 13 or 14 was higher for three distal predictors: if mothers began drinking at age 14 or younger, if the respondent is female, and if the respondent was high on the Headstrong dimension of the Behavior Problems Index measured before age 6. More proximal predictors (measured at baseline) included loneliness (negatively) living with mother only, older, multiple problem behaviors, and no adult home after school. Implications for research and prevention are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Child and Adolescent Substance Abuse is the property of Haworth and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts)

Bibliography Citation
Dooley, David and JoAnn Prause. "Predictors of Early Alcohol Drinking Onset." Journal of Child and Adolescent Substance Abuse 16,2 (Spring 2006): 1-29.
9. Dooley, David
Prause, JoAnn
Social Costs of Underemployment : Inadequate Employment as Disguised Unemployment
Cambridge UK: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Keyword(s): Alcohol Use; Birthweight; Depression (see also CESD); Self-Esteem; Underemployment; Unemployment

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Comparing the effects of unemployment and inadequate employment relative to adequate employment, this text studies their effects on self-esteem, alcohol abuse, depression, and birth weight. Using longitudinal methods, it measures controls for reverse causation (selection) and studies a large representative sample of Americans from their late teens in 1979, to their early 30's in the last decade of the twentieth century through stages of different business cycles. The results point to a rethinking of employment status as a continuum.
Bibliography Citation
Dooley, David and JoAnn Prause. Social Costs of Underemployment : Inadequate Employment as Disguised Unemployment. Cambridge UK: Cambridge University Press, 2004..
10. Dooley, David
Prause, JoAnn
Underemployment and Alcohol Misuse in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth
Journal of Studies on Alcohol 59,6 (November 1998): 669-680.
Also: http://www.jsad.com/jsad/article/Underemployment_and_Alcohol_Misuse_in_the_National_Longitudinal_Survey_of_Y/563.html
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers University
Keyword(s): Alcohol Use; Economic Changes/Recession; Employment, Part-Time; Marital Status; Poverty; Underemployment

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

OBJECTIVE: This study measured the impact of unemployment and underemployment on alcohol misuse.

METHOD: A panel of respondents from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth was studied in 1984-85 and 1988-89. In each pair of years, the effect of employment change (e.g., becoming underemployed) on alcohol misuse was assessed controlling for misuse in the first year. Alcohol misuse was operationalized in two ways: elevated symptoms and heavy drinking. Three samples were analyzed: a core sample of 2,441 who were available in both pairs of years (approximately 65% male) and two extended samples that included everyone available in one pair of years but not the other (n = 4,183 in 1984-85 and n = 3,926 in 1988-89).

RESULTS: The 1984-85 analyses revealed a significant association of adverse change in employment with both elevated alcohol symptoms and heavy drinking (the latter moderated by prior heavy drinking). The 1988-89 analyses found no relationship between adverse change in employment and heavy drinking in the core sample and no main effect of adverse change in employment on symptoms, but they did reveal interactions involving prior symptoms (core sample) and marital status (extended sample).

CONCLUSIONS: Several explanations for these decreasing effects over time were considered including changes in measurement reliability, statistical power, economic environment and respondents' maturity. These results confirm previous findings that job loss can increase the risk of alcohol misuse, provide new evidence that two types of underemployment (involuntary part-time and poverty-level wage) can also increase this risk and suggest that these effects vary over time.

Bibliography Citation
Dooley, David and JoAnn Prause. "Underemployment and Alcohol Misuse in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth." Journal of Studies on Alcohol 59,6 (November 1998): 669-680.
11. Dooley, David
Prause, JoAnn
Underemployment and Depression in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth
Presented: San Francisco, CA, American Psychological Association Meeting, August 1998
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Keyword(s): Alcohol Use; CESD (Depression Scale); Depression (see also CESD); Employment; Self-Esteem; Underemployment

Although the economy has recovered from the recession of the early 1990s, there are signs of dissatisfaction in the present labor market. Globalization, restructuring, and outsourcing have helped lower both the sense of employment security of many workers and the real earnings of the low income sector of the work force. Recent findings have suggested that economically inadequate jobs can produce social costs such as decreased self-esteem and increased alcohol abuse similar to those of unemployment. The present study tests the hypothesis that controlling for prior depression, change to less adequate employment is associated with elevated depression. The data for these analyses come from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY), specifically the 1992 and 1994 surveys, which collected the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale. The NLSY has followed a nationally representative sample of individuals born in the United States between 1957 and 1964 with annual reinterviews and a near 90% retention rate. Approximately 9,000 NLSY respondents were available for analysis by 1994 when they were in their late 20s and early 30s. In addition to depression, the NLSY includes standard employment status items that permit classifying respondents each year as adequately employed (above poverty wages either full time or voluntarily part time), underemployed (either involuntary part time or poverty wages), unemployed (either actively looking for work or wanting work but too discouraged to look), or out of the labor force. In addition to controlling for such variables as gender, age, ethnicity, and educational level, the analyses will include economic context as operationalized by unemployment rate in the respondent's community. The discussion of this study will be aimed at broadening our conceptualization of economic stressors from a dichotomy (working versus not working) to a continuum of varying employment statuses.
Bibliography Citation
Dooley, David and JoAnn Prause. "Underemployment and Depression in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth." Presented: San Francisco, CA, American Psychological Association Meeting, August 1998.
12. Dooley, David
Prause, JoAnn
Underemployment As Disguised Unemployment and Its Social Costs
Presented: Baltimore, MD, American Psychological Association - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Conference, March 1999
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Keyword(s): Alcohol Use; Depression (see also CESD); Employment; Self-Esteem; Unemployment

Research on economic stress has concentrated on the social costs of job loss or unemployment in contrast to employment. Surprisingly, the current low unemployment rates in the U.S. have been accompanied by high levels of concern by workers about their jobs. Perhaps these workers worry that their jobs are not secure or have noticed that the recent recovery has produced little or no gain in real earnings of low-income workers. These observations call our attention to underemployment, but little is known about the social consequences of underemployment. The goal of this paper is to assess the human impact of this "disguised unemployment". The analyses are based on the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY), a nationally representative panel with annual reinterviews from 1979 to 1994. Impact measures include depression, self-esteem, and alcohol abuse. Employment status measures followed the Current Population Survey permitting categorization of each respondent as out of the labor force, adequately employed, unemployed (including discouraged workers), and underemployed. The underemployed category includes involuntary part time and poverty wage workers following Sullivan (1978) and Clogg (1979). Controlling for self-esteem while still in high school in 1980 and compared to those who became stably and adequately employed, self-esteem was lower in 1987 in those who were unemployed, working involuntarily part time, working at poverty level wages, or working but with recent unemployment experiences. For workers in their mid-20s who were adequately employed in 1984 and controlling for alcohol abuse then, those who became underemployed (poverty level wages or involuntary part time) or unemployed a year later evidenced increased alcohol abuse. For workers in their late 20s and early 30s, there are adverse effects of underemployment as well as unemployment on 1994 depression controlling for 1992 depression. Similar analyses are ongoing for especially vulnerable subgroups such as AFDC recipients who, if they are able to leave welfare, are at high risk to enter underemployment. These findings emphasize the need for researchers in the occupational health and economic stress areas to include underemployment in their studies. These findings also make a case for reporting underemployment in routine labor statistics.
Bibliography Citation
Dooley, David and JoAnn Prause. "Underemployment As Disguised Unemployment and Its Social Costs." Presented: Baltimore, MD, American Psychological Association - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Conference, March 1999.
13. Dooley, David
Prause, JoAnn
Ham-Rowbottom, Kathleen A.
Underemployment and Depression: Longitudinal Relationships
Journal of Health and Social Behavior 41,4 (December 2000): 421-436.
Also: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2676295
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: American Sociological Association
Keyword(s): Depression (see also CESD); Education; Employment, Part-Time; Health, Mental/Psychological; Income; Job Satisfaction; Marital Status; Part-Time Work; Underemployment; Unemployment; Wage Rates

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

We conceptualize employment status not as a dichotomy of working versus not working but as a continuum ranging from adequate employment to inadequate employment (involuntary part-time or low wage) to unemployment. Will shifts from adequate to inadequate employment increase depression as do shifts from employment to unemployment, and to what extent does prior depression select workers into such adverse employment change? We analyze panel data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth for the years 1992-1994 for the 5,113 respondents who were adequately employed in 1992. Controlling for prior depression, both types of adverse employment change resulted in similar significant increases in depression. These direct effects persisted despite inclusion of such potential mediators as changes in income, job satisfaction, and marital status. Marital status buffered the depressive effect of both types of adverse change, but education and job dissatisfaction amplified the effect of unemployment on depression. Prior depression did not predict higher risk of becoming inadequately employed but did predict increased risk of unemployment, particularly for those with less education. These results confirm that both unemployment and inadequate employment affect mental health, and they invite greater efforts to monitor the extent and impact of underemployment.
Bibliography Citation
Dooley, David, JoAnn Prause and Kathleen A. Ham-Rowbottom. "Underemployment and Depression: Longitudinal Relationships." Journal of Health and Social Behavior 41,4 (December 2000): 421-436.
14. Dooley, David
Prause, JoAnn
Ham-Rowbottom, Kathleen A.
Emptage, Nicholas P.
Age of Alcohol Drinking Onset Precursors and the Mediation of Alcohol Disorder
Journal of Child and Adolescent Substance Abuse 15,2 (January 2006): 19-37.
Also: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1300/J029v15n02_02
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Haworth Press, Inc.
Keyword(s): Alcohol Use; Crime; Depression (see also CESD); Family History; Family Structure; Hispanics; Self-Esteem

This study explored early alcohol drinking onset (ADO), its precursors, and the mechanisms by which it leads to later alcohol disorder. Data came from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth with ADO items from 1982 and 1983, and alcohol symptoms from 1989 and 1994. Drinking began earlier for respondents who were male, younger, non-Hispanic, non-African-American, and later born, and for those not living with both parents at age 14, ever charged with an illegal act, and with a family history of alcohol problems, lower academic aptitude, or less frequent religious attendance (n = 8165). Early ADO predicted 1994 abuse and dependence even after controlling for such potential mediators as 1987 self-esteem, 1989 alcohol disorder, and 1992 depression (n = 5643).
Bibliography Citation
Dooley, David, JoAnn Prause, Kathleen A. Ham-Rowbottom and Nicholas P. Emptage. "Age of Alcohol Drinking Onset Precursors and the Mediation of Alcohol Disorder." Journal of Child and Adolescent Substance Abuse 15,2 (January 2006): 19-37.
15. Ham-Rowbottom, Kathleen A.
Emptage, Nicholas P.
Prause, JoAnn
Dooley, David
Symptomatic Repercussions of Early Drinking Onset: Alcohol Abuse and Dependence
Presented: Irvine, CA, Western Psychological Association Convention, April 2002
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Western Psychological Association
Keyword(s): Adolescent Behavior; Alcohol Use

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Early drinking onset is often associated with problematic drinking behaviors later in life, but whether this connection is spurious or causal remains unclear. We address this problem using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY), a panel that when 18 - 25 years old retrospectively reported drinking onset (often when they were early adolescents or children). Seven years later, DSM-IV criteria were used to characterize problematic drinking in this panel. Respondents were 29 - 37 years old in 1994 when information on alcohol symptoms was acquired (n=5,656). NLSY items that were comparable to the alcohol abuse and dependence symptom criteria in the DSM-IV were matched to the symptom criteria for these disorders.

The odds of developing symptoms of alcohol abuse or dependence were assessed for respondents who reported early alcohol drinking onset (ADO) in both of two early drinking groups (prior to 14 years-old and between 15-16 years-old), controlling for potential confounding variables (e.g., family history of alcoholism). In an attempt to identify the mechanism by which early ADO influences later alcohol disorder, we also investigated potential mediating variables (e.g., years of education, mental health indicators).

Multinomial logistic regression analyses revealed that controlling both confounding and mediating variables, early ADO remained significantly associated with the risk of both alcohol dependence and abuse. Relative to respondents 17 years old or older, the odds of alcohol abuse or dependence were two to two-and-a-half times greater for ADO of 14 years old or younger. The odds of alcohol dependence were greater for those ever charged with an illegal act, for increased depression, and for a family history of alcoholism. The odds of alcohol dependence fell with additional children in the household, with increases in education, and with increases in self-esteem

One implication of this research is to raise questions about the reliab ility of retrospective recall of ADO and to suggest inquiring earlier when young people are nearer in age to their actual ADO. Another preliminary implication is to support interventions targeted at delaying ADO as a means of preventing adult alcohol disorder.

Bibliography Citation
Ham-Rowbottom, Kathleen A., Nicholas P. Emptage, JoAnn Prause and David Dooley. "Symptomatic Repercussions of Early Drinking Onset: Alcohol Abuse and Dependence." Presented: Irvine, CA, Western Psychological Association Convention, April 2002.
16. Prause, JoAnn
Dooley, David
Effect of Underemployment on School-Leavers' Self-Esteem
Journal of Adolescence 20,3 (June 1997): 243-260.
Also: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014019719790083X
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Academic Press, Inc.
Keyword(s): Aptitude; Employment; Employment, Part-Time; Ethnic Groups; Gender Differences; High School Completion/Graduates; Poverty; School Dropouts; Self-Esteem; Socioeconomic Status (SES); Underemployment; Unemployment

Explores whether self esteem (SE) is adversely affected by economic underemployment as defined by unemployment, involuntary part-time employment, intermittent unemployment, and poverty income in a group of 3066 recent school leavers. Ss were part of the ongoing 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, designed to represent the population of individuals born between 1957 and 1964 in the US. Ss were interviewed in 1980, were in high school during that year, and were, at that time, less than 20 yrs. of age. All were reinterviewed in 1987. Results indicate that SE was significantly lower in each of the economically underemployed groups relative to the adequately employed after controlling for early SE, SES, gender, ethnicity, aptitude, age, and education. There were no differences in SE among the economically underemployed groups after adjusting for the control variables. Economic underemployment proved to be a distinct concept relative to self reported job satisfaction. Underemployment was negatively related to SE after controlling for perceived job satisfaction and the other control variables. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1998 American Psychological Assn., all rights reserved.)
Bibliography Citation
Prause, JoAnn and David Dooley. "Effect of Underemployment on School-Leavers' Self-Esteem." Journal of Adolescence 20,3 (June 1997): 243-260.
17. Prause, JoAnn
Dooley, David
Favourable Employment Status Change and Psychological Depression: A Two-Year Follow-Up Analysis of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth
Applied Psychology: An International Review 50,2 (April 2001): 282-304.
Also: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1464-0597.00059/abstract
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Keyword(s): Depression (see also CESD); Employment; Gender; Gender Differences; Psychological Effects; Underemployment; Unemployment; Well-Being

This study examines the relationship between favourable employment change and well-being. Using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, respondents who were inadequately employed (i.e. unemployed or underemployed, N = 1,160) in 1992 were followed up in 1994. Results suggest that among the unemployed in 1992 (time-1), higher depression at time-1 was significantly associated with decreased odds of both adequate employment and underemployment relative to unemployment at time-2 (1994). Among the underemployed at time-1, gender moderated the relationship between time-1 depression and employment at time-2. The odds of employment (both adequate and underemployment) were higher for males than females at lower levels of depression, but this gender advantage fell as depression increased. Additional analyses revealed that any employment at time-2 relative to unemployment was significantly associated with lower depression in 1994 when controlling for time-1 depression and other important background variables. Neither time-1 status (unemployment versus underemployment) nor type of time-2 employment (adequate versus underemployment) were significantly associated with later depression.
Bibliography Citation
Prause, JoAnn and David Dooley. "Favourable Employment Status Change and Psychological Depression: A Two-Year Follow-Up Analysis of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth." Applied Psychology: An International Review 50,2 (April 2001): 282-304.
18. Prause, JoAnn
Dooley, David
Ham-Rowbottom, Kathleen A.
Emptage, Nicholas P.
Alcohol Drinking Onset: A Reliability Study
Journal of Child and Adolescent Substance Abuse 16,4 (Summer 2007): 79-90.
Also: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1300/J029v16n04_05
Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79, NLSY79 Young Adult
Publisher: Haworth Press, Inc.
Keyword(s): Alcohol Use; Behavioral Differences; Children; Family Influences; Self-Reporting; Substance Use

Early alcohol drinking onset (ADO) is associated with adult alcohol misuse, but the accuracy of ADO is unclear. Reliability of self-reported ADO was studied in two panels of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. For the Adult sample (n = 6,215), the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was .36. Older respondents had higher reliabilities and reported later ADO than younger ones. In the Child/ Young Adult sample, reliability varied from .19 for children 11 and 13 years old to .29 for children 12 and 14 years old. These low reliabilities and the age effect in reported ADO may affect epidemiologic research and interventions using this variable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Child and Adolescent Substance Abuse is the property of Haworth and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts)

Bibliography Citation
Prause, JoAnn, David Dooley, Kathleen A. Ham-Rowbottom and Nicholas P. Emptage. "Alcohol Drinking Onset: A Reliability Study." Journal of Child and Adolescent Substance Abuse 16,4 (Summer 2007): 79-90.
19. Prause, JoAnn
Dooley, David
Huh, Jimi
Income Volatility and Psychological Depression
American Journal of Community Psychology 43,1-2 (March 2009): 57-70.
Also: http://www.springerlink.com/content/nn2257155p2002p0/
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Springer
Keyword(s): Benefits; CESD (Depression Scale); Income; Income Dynamics/Shocks; Income Risk; Job Turnover; Underemployment; Variables, Independent - Covariate

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Income volatility appears to be increasing especially among lower income workers. Such volatility may reflect the ongoing shift of economic risk from employers to employees as marked by decreasing job security and employer-provided benefits. This study tests whether absolute volatility or downward volatility in income predict depression controlling for prior depression. A sample (n = 4,493) from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY79) with depression (CESD) measured at age 40 and prior depression measured eight to 10 years earlier was utilized. Downward volatility (frequency of income loss) was positively associated with depression; adjusting for downward volatility and other covariates, absolute volatility was negatively associated with depression. An interaction indicated a positive association between downward volatility and depression only when absolute volatility was high. These findings apply to respondents in a narrow age range (30 s) and the results warrant replication to identify the mediators linking absolute volatility and income loss to depression.
Bibliography Citation
Prause, JoAnn, David Dooley and Jimi Huh. "Income Volatility and Psychological Depression." American Journal of Community Psychology 43,1-2 (March 2009): 57-70.