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Author: Griesler, Pamela C.
Resulting in 3 citations.
1. Griesler, Pamela C.
Kandel, Denise B.
Ethnic Differences in Correlates of Adolescent Cigarette Smoking
Journal of Adolescent Health 23,3 (September 1998):167-180.
Also: http://www.jahonline.org/article/S1054-139X%2898%2900029-9/abstract
Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79
Publisher: Elsevier
Keyword(s): Behavior Problems Index (BPI); Bias Decomposition; Child Self-Administered Supplement (CSAS); Cigarette Use (see Smoking); Delinquency/Gang Activity; Deviance; Ethnic Differences; Family Characteristics; Hispanics; Home Observation for Measurement of Environment (HOME); Peers/Peer influence/Peer relations; Religious Influences; Role Models; Self-Esteem; Self-Perception Profile for Children (SPPC); Social Environment; Substance Use

PURPOSE: To examine the correlates of cigarette smoking among African-American, Hispanic, and white adolescents in a cross-sectional national sample. METHODS: A total of 1795 mother-child dyads from the 1992 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth were selected for analyses. Measures of adolescents cigarette smoking and family, individual, peer, and sociodemographic risk factors were analyzed. RESULTS: White youths reported the highest rates of lifetime, current, and persistent smoking, and initiated smoking at a significantly earlier age than African-Americans and Hispanics. Except for maternal cigarette smoking and substance use, African-Americans and Hispanics experienced a disproportionately larger number of purported risk factors than whites. Multivariate analyses revealed common and ethnic-specific correlates of adolescent lifetime and current smoking, with many more significant associations among whites than minorities. Common correlates included youth's age across all three ethnic groups, problem behaviors and delinquency among whites and African-Americans, and perceived peer pressure to smoke among whites and Hispanics. Ethnic-specific correlates included maternal smoking, maternal cocaine use, low maternal religiosity, and negative scholastic attitudes, which increased smoking for whites; and positive parenting, which reduced smoking for African-Americans. CONCLUSIONS: The lack of effects of maternal smoking and perceived peer pressure to smoke on African-American adolescents compared with whites suggests that role modeling and interpersonal influence may be more important determinants of smoking for white than African-American adolescents. The differential impact of family and peer factors on the smoking of adolescents of different ethnicity warrants further investigation.
Bibliography Citation
Griesler, Pamela C. and Denise B. Kandel. "Ethnic Differences in Correlates of Adolescent Cigarette Smoking." Journal of Adolescent Health 23,3 (September 1998):167-180.
2. Griesler, Pamela C.
Kandel, Denise B.
Davies, Mark
Ethnic Differences in Predictors of Initiation and Persistence of Adolescent Cigarette Smoking in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth
Nicotine and Tobacco Research 4,1 (February 2002): 79-93.
Also: http://ntr.oxfordjournals.org/content/4/1/79.abstract
Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79
Publisher: Carfax Publishing Company ==> Taylor & Francis
Keyword(s): Adolescent Behavior; Behavior Problems Index (BPI); CESD (Depression Scale); Child Health; Child Self-Administered Supplement (CSAS); Cigarette Use (see Smoking); Depression (see also CESD); Educational Aspirations/Expectations; Ethnic Differences; Hispanics; Intergenerational Patterns/Transmission; Parent Supervision/Monitoring; Peers/Peer influence/Peer relations; Self-Perception Profile for Children (SPPC)

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Aims: To identify and compare predictors of adolescent smoking initiation and persistence among African American, Hispanic and White adolescents in a longitudinal national sample.

Design: The sample includes 1537 mother-child dyads from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY). Family, youth, peer and sociodemographic risk and protective factors were analyzed.

Findings: White adolescents reported the highest rates of smoking initiation and persistence; African Americans and Hispanics the lowest. Multivariate analyses revealed mostly common and few ethnic-specific predictors of smoking initiation and persistence. For initiation, maternal current smoking, child age, child problem behavior, and perceived peer pressure to smoke were predictive across ethnic groups; female gender and ineffective parenting were predictive among Whites only. For persistence, child age, child problem behavior and perceived scholastic competence were predictive across ethnic groups; negative mood was predictive among Whites only.

Conclusions: More common than unique factors predict smoking initiation and persistence among adolescents of different ethnicity. However, the power to detect ethnicity-by-predictor interactions with respect to persistence was low. Social factors are more important for smoking initiation, whereas individual factors are more important for persistence, although child problem behaviors are common determinants both of initiation and persistence. With few exceptions, universal anti-smoking interventions should be targeted to youths of different ethnicity. (Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, 2002.)

Bibliography Citation
Griesler, Pamela C., Denise B. Kandel and Mark Davies. "Ethnic Differences in Predictors of Initiation and Persistence of Adolescent Cigarette Smoking in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth ." Nicotine and Tobacco Research 4,1 (February 2002): 79-93.
3. Kandel, Denise B.
Griesler, Pamela C.
Schaffran, Christine
Educational Attainment and Smoking among Women: Risk Factors and Consequences for Offspring
Drug and Alcohol Dependence 104,Supplement_1 (October 2009): S24-S33.
Also: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T63-4VGDNPK-1&_user=10&_coverDate=10%2F01%2F2009&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_origin=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=e959fe8aa16fa78f2d36f0827791f010&searchtype=a
Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79
Publisher: Elsevier
Keyword(s): Addiction; Behavior Problems Index (BPI); Behavioral Problems; CESD (Depression Scale); Child Self-Administered Supplement (CSAS); Children, Behavioral Development; Depression (see also CESD); Intergenerational Patterns/Transmission; National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (AddHealth); Pre/post Natal Behavior; Smoking (see Cigarette Use); Variables, Independent - Covariate; Women's Education

We examine the association between education and smoking by women in the population, including smoking during pregnancy, and identify risk factors for smoking and the consequences of smoking in pregnancy for children's smoking and behavioral problems. Secondary analyses of four national data sets were implemented: The National Survey of Drug Use and Health (2006), the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (1979-2004); the National Longitudinal Survey of Adolescent Health (Wave III); National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005-2006). The lower the level of education, the greater the risk of being a current smoker, smoking daily, smoking heavily, being nicotine dependent, starting to smoke at an early age, having higher levels of circulating cotinine per cigarettes smoked, and continuing to smoke in pregnancy. The educational gradient is especially strong in pregnancy. Educational level and smoking in pregnancy independently increase the risk of offspring smoking and antisocial and anxious/depressed behavior problems. These effects persist with control for other covariates, except maternal age at child's birth, which accounts for the impact of education on offspring smoking and anxious/depressed behavior problems. Women with low education should be the target of public health efforts toward reducing tobacco use. These efforts need to focus as much on social conditions that affect women's lives as on individual level interventions. These interventions would have beneficial effects not only for the women themselves but also for their offspring.
Bibliography Citation
Kandel, Denise B., Pamela C. Griesler and Christine Schaffran. "Educational Attainment and Smoking among Women: Risk Factors and Consequences for Offspring." Drug and Alcohol Dependence 104,Supplement_1 (October 2009): S24-S33.