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Author: Hamermesh, Daniel S.

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1.	Hamermesh, Daniel S.
1.	12 Million Salaried Workers Are Missing NBER Working Paper No. 8016, National Bureau of Economic Research, November 2000 Cohort(s): Mature Women, NLSY79, Young Men, Young Women Publisher: National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) Keyword(s): Attitudes; Current Population Survey (CPS) / CPS-Fertility Supplement; Earnings; General Social Survey (GSS); Job Satisfaction; Job Tenure; Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID); Wages Evidence from Current Population Surveys through 1997, various cohorts of the National Longitudinal Surveys, and the Panel Study of Income Dynamics suggests that the fraction of American employees paid salaries stayed constant from the late 1960s through the late 1970s, but fell slightly thereafter through the late 1990s. Accounting for the changing industrial, occupational, demographic and economic structure of the work force shows that the fraction was 9 percentage points below what would have been expected in the late 1970s. This shortfall is not explained by growth in the temporary help industry, by institutional changes in overtime or wage payment regulation, by the increasing openness of American labor and product markets, nor by convergence of nonwage aspects of hourly and salaried employment. A theory of worker commitment and employers' monitoring costs explains the determination of pay status. While monitoring costs may have changed consistent with the decline in salaried work, only declining worker commitment is also consistent with an observed relative decline in earnings of hourly workers. Various waves of the General Social Surveys provide direct evidence that workers' commitment/trustworthiness declined during this period. Data from several cohorts of men in the NLS imply that there was a detrimental change in the work attitudes of young men in the lower half of the distribution of early-career job satisfaction, a conclusion that is bolstered by the relative decline in job tenure among hourly-paid workers.
	Bibliography Citation Hamermesh, Daniel S. "12 Million Salaried Workers Are Missing." NBER Working Paper No. 8016, National Bureau of Economic Research, November 2000.

2.	Hamermesh, Daniel S.
2.	12 Million Salaried Workers Are Missing Industrial and Labor Relations Review 55,4 (July 2002): 649-666. Also: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3270627 Cohort(s): Mature Women, Older Men, Young Men, Young Women Publisher: New York State School of Industrial and Labor Relations, Cornell University Keyword(s): Current Population Survey (CPS) / CPS-Fertility Supplement; Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID); Wage Dynamics; Wages, Adult Evidence from Current Population Surveys, various cohorts of the National Longitudinal Surveys, and the Panel Study of Income Dynamics suggests that the fraction of American employees who were paid salaries held constant from the late 1960s through the late 1970s, and continued to hold constant or perhaps fell slightly thereafter through the late 1990s. An analysis that accounts for the changing industrial, occupational, demographic, and economic structure of the work force shows that this fraction was 9 percentage points below what would have been expected in the late 1970s. This shortfall is not explained by growth in the temporary help industry, declining unionization, institutional changes in overtime or wage payment regulation, the increasing openness of American labor and product markets, or convergence of nonwage aspects of hourly and salaried employment. The author suggests several alternative explanations.
	Bibliography Citation Hamermesh, Daniel S. "12 Million Salaried Workers Are Missing." Industrial and Labor Relations Review 55,4 (July 2002): 649-666.

3.	Hamermesh, Daniel S.
3.	Changing Inequality in Markets for Workplace Amenities Quarterly Journal of Economics 114,4 (November 1999): 1085-1124. Also: http://qje.oxfordjournals.org/content/114/4/1085.abstract Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: MIT Press Keyword(s): Earnings; Injuries; Wage Differentials Among U.S. industries where earnings rose relatively from 1979-1995, injury rates declined relatively. Obversely, during the 1960s narrowing interindustry wage differentials were associated with an increase in the relative risk of injury in high-wage industries. Evidence from the NLSY suggests similar results among full-time workers between 1988 and 1996. Between 1973 and 1991 the disamenity of evening/night work was increasingly borne by low-wage male workers. Changing earnings inequality has understated changing inequality in the returns to work. Assuming skill-neutral changes in the cost of reducing these disamenities, estimates of the implied income elasticities of demand for amenities are well above unity.
	Bibliography Citation Hamermesh, Daniel S. "Changing Inequality in Markets for Workplace Amenities." Quarterly Journal of Economics 114,4 (November 1999): 1085-1124.

4.	Hamermesh, Daniel S.
4.	Moms' Time--Married or Not IZA Discussion Paper No. 13997, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA), December 2020. Also: https://www.iza.org/publications/dp/13997/moms-timemarried-or-not Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) Keyword(s): American Time Use Survey (ATUS); Child Care; Depression (see also CESD); Housework/Housewives; Marital Disruption; Time Use Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Using time-diary data from the U.S. and six wealthy European countries, I demonstrate that non-partnered mothers spend slightly less time performing childcare, but much less time in other household activities than partnered mothers. Unpartnered mothers' total work time--paid work and household production--is slightly less than partnered women's. In the U.S. but not elsewhere they watch more television and engage in fewer other leisure activities. These differences are independent of any differences in age, race/ethnicity, ages and numbers of children, and household incomes. Non-partnered mothers feel slightly more pressured for time and much less satisfied with their lives. Analyses using the NLSY79 show that mothers whose partners left the home in the past two years became more depressed than those whose marriages remained intact. Coupled with evidence that husbands spend substantial time in childcare and with their children, the results suggest that children of non-partnered mothers receive much less parental care--perhaps 40 percent less--than other children; and most of what they receive is from mothers who are less satisfied with their lives.
	Bibliography Citation Hamermesh, Daniel S. "Moms' Time--Married or Not." IZA Discussion Paper No. 13997, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA), December 2020.

5.	Hamermesh, Daniel S.
5.	The Changing Distribution of Job Satisfaction NBER Working Paper No. 7332, National Bureau of Economic Research, September 1999. Also: http://www.nber.org/papers/w7332 Cohort(s): NLSY79, Young Men Publisher: National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) Keyword(s): Cross-national Analysis; German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP); Germany, German; Job Satisfaction; Skills; Wages; Wages, Young Men The distribution of job satisfaction widened across cohorts of young men in the United States between 1978 and 1988, and between 1978 and 1996, in ways correlated with changing wage inequality. Satisfaction among workers in upper earnings quantiles rose relative to that of workers in lower quantiles. An identical phenomenon is observed among men in West Germany in response to a sharp increase in the relative earnings of high-wage men in the mid-1990s. Several hypotheses about the determinants of satisfaction are presented and examined using both cross-section data on these cohorts and panel data from the NLSY and the German SOEP. The evidence is most consistent with workers regret about the returns to their investment in skills affecting their satisfaction. Job satisfaction is especially responsive to surprises in the returns to observable skills, less so to surprises in the returns to unobservables; and the effects of earnings shocks on job satisfaction dissipate over time.
	Bibliography Citation Hamermesh, Daniel S. "The Changing Distribution of Job Satisfaction." NBER Working Paper No. 7332, National Bureau of Economic Research, September 1999.

6.	Hamermesh, Daniel S.
6.	The Changing Distribution of Job Satisfaction Journal of Human Resources 36,1 (Winter 2001): 1-30. Also: http://www.ssc.wisc.edu/jhr/2001ab/hammermesh.html Cohort(s): NLSY79, Young Men Publisher: University of Wisconsin Press Keyword(s): Cross-national Analysis; Earnings; German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP); Germany, German; Job Satisfaction; Skills; Wage Effects; Wages; Wages, Young Men The distribution of job satisfaction widened across cohorts of young men in the United States between 1978 and 1988, and between 1978 and 1996, in ways correlated with changing wage inequality. Satisfaction among workers in upper earnings quartiles rose relative to that of workers in the lowest quartile. An identical phenomenon is observed among men in West Germany in response to a sharp increase in the relative earnings of high-wage men in the mid-1990s. Several hypotheses about the determinants of satisfaction are presented and examined using both cross-section data on these cohorts and panel data from the NLSY and the German SOEP. The evidence is most consistent with workers' job satisfaction being especially responsive to surprises in the returns to observable skills, less so to surprises in the returns to unobservables. The effects of earnings shocks on job satisfaction dissipate over time.
	Bibliography Citation Hamermesh, Daniel S. "The Changing Distribution of Job Satisfaction." Journal of Human Resources 36,1 (Winter 2001): 1-30.

7.	Hamermesh, Daniel S.
7.	The Changing Distribution of Job Satisfaction IZA Discussion Paper No. 42, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA), May 1999. Also: ftp://ftp.iza.org/RePEc/Discussionpaper/dp42.pdf Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) Keyword(s): Cross-national Analysis; German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP); Germany, German; Job Satisfaction; Skills; Wage Rates; Wages Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. The distribution of job satisfaction widened across cohorts of young men in the U.S. between 1978 and 1988, and between 1978 and 1996, in ways correlated with changing wage inequality. Satisfaction among workers in upper earnings quantiles rose relative to that of workers in lower quantiles. An identical phenomenon is observed among men in West Germany in response to a sharp increase in the relative earnings of high-wage men in the mid-1990s. Several hypotheses about the determinants of satisfaction are presented and examined using both cross-section data on these cohorts and panel data from the NLSY and the German SOEP. The evidence is most consistent with workers' regret about the returns to their investment in skills affecting their satisfaction. Job satisfaction is especially responsive to surprises in the returns to observable skills, less so to surprises in the returns to unobservables; and the effects of earnings shocks on job satisfaction dissipate over time.
	Bibliography Citation Hamermesh, Daniel S. "The Changing Distribution of Job Satisfaction." IZA Discussion Paper No. 42, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA), May 1999.

8.	Hamermesh, Daniel S. Bean, Frank D.
8.	Help or Hindrance? : The Economic Implications of Immigration for African Americans New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation, 1998 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Russell Sage Foundation Keyword(s): Benefits; Educational Attainment; Immigrants; Job Skills; Racial Differences; Racial Equality/Inequality; Scholarships; Skilled Workers; Working Conditions [From book review.] With recent immigration at a near record high, many observers fear that African Americans, particularly those in low skill jobs, are increasingly losing out to immigrants in the American labor market. Because today's immigrants are largely non-European and non-white, there is also speculation that their presence will intensify the competition for housing and educational opportunities among minority groups. Help or Hindrance? probes the foundation of these concerns with the first comprehensive investigation into the effects of immigration on African Americans. With detailed economic analysis of African American job prospects, benefits, and working conditions, Help or Hindrance? demonstrates that although immigration does not appear to have affected the actual employment rate of blacks, it has contributed slightly to the widening gap between the annual earnings of black and white males. Those near the lowest skills level appear most affected, suggesting that the most likely losers are workers with abilities similar to those of immigrants. With many employers moving away from cities, access to housing and problems of segregation have also become integral to success in the job market. And within black neighborhoods themselves, the establishment of small immigrant businesses has raised concerns that these may hinder local residents from starting up similar ventures. Help or Hindrance? also examines how immigration has affected the educational attainment of African Americans. Increased competition for college affirmative action and remedial programs has noticeably reduced African Americans' access to college places and scholarships.
	Bibliography Citation Hamermesh, Daniel S. and Frank D. Bean. Help or Hindrance? : The Economic Implications of Immigration for African Americans. New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation, 1998.

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