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Author: Johnson, Kecia
Resulting in 3 citations.
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Johnson, Kecia |
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Moving Beyond Black and White: Examining the Incarceration-Earnings Relationship among Latinos Presented: Chicago IL, American Society of Criminology Annual Meeting, November 2012 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: American Society of Criminology Keyword(s): Criminal Justice System; Earnings; Ethnic Differences; Hispanics; Incarceration/Jail; Wage Differentials Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. In the past decade, the growing proportion of the Latino population entering prison has increased dramatically. As a result of mass imprisonment policies, there is a need to investigate the economic consequences of incarceration for Latinos. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979, this paper examines the economic costs of incarceration by comparing the earnings trajectories of Mexican, Cuban, and Puerto Rican ex-offenders with their non-offender counterparts. The findings suggest that incarceration depresses the earnings of all Latino men. However, there is variation in the wage difference between the ex-offenders and non-offenders within each of the ethnic groups. This paper concludes that racialized criminal justice policies challenge the economic stability of Mexican, Cuban and Puerto Rican men regardless of incarceration status. |
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Bibliography Citation
Johnson, Kecia. "Moving Beyond Black and White: Examining the Incarceration-Earnings Relationship among Latinos." Presented: Chicago IL, American Society of Criminology Annual Meeting, November 2012. |
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Johnson, Kecia Johnson, Jacqueline |
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Penalties Compounded for African American Men: Incarceration, Earnings and Racial Inequality In Labor Markets Presented: Montreal, Quebec, Canada, American Sociological Association Annual Meeting, August 2006 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: American Sociological Association Keyword(s): Earnings; Incarceration/Jail; Racial Differences; Wage Penalty/Career Penalty Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. We examine racial variation in wage penalties associated with incarceration by comparing the earnings trajectories of African American, Latino, and white male ex-offenders with non-offenders. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (1979-2002), our findings reveal that while incarceration generally has a negative effect on wages, the impact of incarceration on wages is the most severe for African American men. When compared to white non-offenders, white ex-offenders experience the highest wage penalties due to incarceration of any group, yet they still out earn all African American and Latino men. Meanwhile, the wage difference between African American non-offenders and ex-offenders across their careers is smaller than any white or Latino men and African American men earn significantly less than all others, regardless of their former incarceration status. Explanations for these patterns include racial differences in pre-incarceration wages and the dramatic racial disparities in imprisonment rates that render more African American men subject to earnings penalties associated with former incarceration status. We contend that because racialized incarceration stigmas challenge the labor market options and economic trajectories of all African American men, young, low-wage African American men who have no history of incarceration are also penalized. |
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Bibliography Citation
Johnson, Kecia and Jacqueline Johnson. "Penalties Compounded for African American Men: Incarceration, Earnings and Racial Inequality In Labor Markets." Presented: Montreal, Quebec, Canada, American Sociological Association Annual Meeting, August 2006. |
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Johnson, Kecia Pais, Jeremy South, Scott J. |
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Minority Population Concentration and Earnings: Evidence From Fixed-Effects Models Social Forces, 91,1 (September 2012): 181-208. Also: http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/social_forces/v091/91.1.johnson.html Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Oxford University Press Keyword(s): Earnings; Ethnic Differences; Migration; Modeling, Fixed Effects; Racial Differences; Residential Segregation Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Consistent with the hypothesis that heightened visibility and competition lead to greater economic discrimination against minorities, countless studies have observed a negative association between minority population concentration and minority socioeconomic attainment. But minorities who reside in areas with high minority concentration are likely to differ from minorities who reside in areas with few minorities on unobserved characteristics related to economic attainment. Thus, this association may be a product of differential skills, behaviors and networks acquired during childhood or of selective migration. Applying fixed-effects models to a quarter century of panel data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, we find that for Blacks and Latinos the inverse association between minority population concentration and earnings is eliminated when unobserved person-specific characteristics are controlled. The findings suggest that the negative association between Black population size and Blacks’ earnings is driven largely by the selection of high-earning Blacks into labor markets with relatively small Black populations. Most of the association between Latino population concentration and earnings is attributable to the level of Latino population concentration experienced during childhood. |
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Bibliography Citation
Johnson, Kecia, Jeremy Pais and Scott J. South. "Minority Population Concentration and Earnings: Evidence From Fixed-Effects Models." Social Forces, 91,1 (September 2012): 181-208.
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