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Author: Mare, Robert D.
Resulting in 8 citations.
1. Gamoran, Adam
Mare, Robert D.
Bethke, Lynne
Effects of Nonmaternal Child Care on Inequality in Cognitive Skills
Discussion Paper No. 1186-99, Institute for Research on Poverty, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1999.
Also: http://www.irp.wisc.edu/publications/dps/pdfs/dp118699.pdf
Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79
Publisher: Institute for Research on Poverty (IRP), University of Wisconsin - Madison
Keyword(s): Child Care; Cognitive Ability; Home Environment; Modeling, Fixed Effects; Mothers, Education; Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Math); Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT); Poverty; Welfare

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

As a result of changing welfare policies, large numbers of children of poor, uneducated mothers are likely to receive care from others as their mothers enter the workforce. How will this change affect inequality in cognitive skills among young children? One view suggests that inequality will expand because children from economically advantaged families have access to better child care, and families with well-educated parents are more likely to reinforce the cognitive benefits of care. Another view argues that inequality will diminish because even though child care may be unequal, it may be less unequal than the home environments that are supplanted by nonmaternal care. A third view suggests that because the effects of care are inconsistent, there will be little overall change in inequality. Analysis of the children of mothers in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth provides tentative evidence in support of the first view, that nonmaternal care tends to magnify inequality. Although ordinary least squares regressions reveal no effects of child care, fixed-effects models that control for differences between families indicate that children of high-income, well-educated mothers benefit from center-based care, but children of low-income, poorly educated mothers suffer a cognitive disadvantage from attending day care centers. Home-based care, however, is not associated with cognitive performance. Results from nonparametric analyses are consistent with the findings from fixed-effects models. The key results rely mainly on a relatively small sample of about 700 children in 300 families that sent their children to different types of care, and they do not pertain to families with only one child, so caution is warranted in generalizing the findings.
Bibliography Citation
Gamoran, Adam, Robert D. Mare and Lynne Bethke. "Effects of Nonmaternal Child Care on Inequality in Cognitive Skills." Discussion Paper No. 1186-99, Institute for Research on Poverty, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1999.
2. Mare, Robert D.
Socioeconomic Careers and Differential Mortality Among Older Men in the United States
CDE Working Paper No. 87-30, Center for Demography and Ecology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1986.
Also: http://www.ssc.wisc.edu/cde/cdewp/1987papers.htm
Cohort(s): Older Men
Publisher: Center for Demography and Ecology
Keyword(s): Educational Attainment; Family Income; Family Influences; Mortality; Occupations; Socioeconomic Status (SES)

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

This paper is a preliminary examination of the effects of family, socioeconomic and labor force status on the mortality of older males. Utilizing data from the NLS of Older Men, variations in occurrence and timing of death among various demographic groups and influences on mortality of 'early' vs 'later' life decisions and experiences are analyzed. Future research goals are summarized.
Bibliography Citation
Mare, Robert D. "Socioeconomic Careers and Differential Mortality Among Older Men in the United States." CDE Working Paper No. 87-30, Center for Demography and Ecology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1986.
3. Mare, Robert D.
Palloni, Alberto
Couple Models for Socioeconomic Effects on the Mortality of Older Persons
CDE Working Paper No. 88-7, Center for Demography and Ecology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1988.
Also: http://www.ssc.wisc.edu/cde/cdewp/1988papers.htm
Cohort(s): Older Men
Publisher: Center for Demography and Ecology
Keyword(s): Age and Ageing; Husbands; Mortality; Pairs (also see Siblings); Variables, Independent - Covariate; Wives

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

This paper develops and applies models for the multivariate analysis of survival processes when observations are naturally paired. These models include bivariate tobit models for observations drawn from censored bivariate normal distributions, bivariate hazard models, and models based on pair rank data. These models provide alternative ways of estimating the effects of the covariates of survival within pairs while controlling for unobserved factors that are shared by members of the pair. The models make varying distributational assumptions about the age pattern of survival and about unobserved pair-level determinants of survival. The models are applied to the assessment of socioeconomic effects on mortality on husbands and wives in the U.S. using the NLS of Older Men. Bivariate survival models provide a systematic way of assessing common, cross-spouse, and within- spouse effects of education, occupational status, and other sociodemographic predictors of mortality, as well as bereavement and widowhood effects. Most socioeconomic influences on mortality are through their effects on shared experiences of spouses rather than person-specific mechanisms. In the application presented here, the bivariate tobit, bivariate hazard, and pair rank models yield similar results.
Bibliography Citation
Mare, Robert D. and Alberto Palloni. "Couple Models for Socioeconomic Effects on the Mortality of Older Persons." CDE Working Paper No. 88-7, Center for Demography and Ecology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1988.
4. Musick, Kelly
Mare, Robert D.
Family Structure, Intergenerational Mobility and the Reproduction of Poverty: Evidence for Increasing Polarization?
Demography 41,4 (November 2004): 629-649.
Also: http://www.springerlink.com/content/f317q7n734t4471g/
Cohort(s): NLSY79, Young Women
Publisher: Population Association of America
Keyword(s): Family Structure; Fertility; Inheritance; Intergenerational Patterns/Transmission; Mobility; Modeling; Parenthood; Parents, Single; Poverty

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

A substantial body of research has demonstrated links between poverty and family structure from one generation to the next, but has left open key questions about the implications of these associations for aggregate-level change. To what extent does intergenerational inheritance affect trends in poverty and single parenthood over time and, in particular, trends in the relative economic positions of single-parent and two-parent families? This article examines how patterns of intergenerational inheritance play out in the population over the long run, using data from the National Longitudinal Surveys and a model of population renewal that takes into account intergenerational mobility and differential fertility across groups that are defined by poverty status and family structure. Our results suggest that current rates of intergenerational inheritance have little effect on population change over time. They account for only a small share of the recent historical change in poverty and family structure and play no role in exacerbating existing economic disparities by family structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Bibliography Citation
Musick, Kelly and Robert D. Mare. "Family Structure, Intergenerational Mobility and the Reproduction of Poverty: Evidence for Increasing Polarization?" Demography 41,4 (November 2004): 629-649.
5. Musick, Kelly
Mare, Robert D.
Recent Trends in the Inheritance of Poverty and Family Structure
Working Paper CCPR-002-04, California Center for Population Research, Los Angeles, 2004. Also:http://escholarship.org/uc/item/9th763q5
Cohort(s): NLSY79, Young Women
Publisher: California Center for Population Research (CCPR)
Keyword(s): Family Structure; Fertility; Inheritance; Intergenerational Patterns/Transmission; Mobility; Modeling; Parenthood; Parents, Single; Poverty

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

This study investigates trends in the interdependence of poverty and family structure from one generation to the next, focusing specifically on mothers and daughters. This aspect of the mobility process has not been explored, despite widespread concern about the life chances of children in poor single-parent families and dramatic changes in the distributions of poverty and family structure in recent decades. We examine origin-by-destination status along the two dimensions of poverty and family structure, using rich panel data and loglinear models to parse out the associations between poverty and family structure within and across generations. Our results show that the intergenerational associations between poverty and family structure are strong, but operate through largely independent pathways. Net of the correlation between poverty and family structure within a generation, the intergenerational transmission of poverty is significantly stronger than the intergenerational transmission of family structure, and neither childhood poverty nor family structure affects the other in adulthood. Finally, despite important changes in the distributions of poverty and family structure, we find no evidence of change in the processes of intergenerational inheritance over time.
Bibliography Citation
Musick, Kelly and Robert D. Mare. "Recent Trends in the Inheritance of Poverty and Family Structure." Working Paper CCPR-002-04, California Center for Population Research, Los Angeles, 2004. Also:http://escholarship.org/uc/item/9th763q5.
6. Schwartz, Christine R.
Mare, Robert D.
The Proximate Determinants of Educational Homogamy: The Effects of First Marriage, Marital Dissolution, Remarriage, and Educational Upgrading
Demography 49,2 (May 2012): 629-650.
Also: http://rd.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13524-012-0093-0
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Population Association of America
Keyword(s): Assortative Mating; Education; Educational Attainment; Homogamy; Marital Dissolution; Marriage; Remarriage

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

This paper adapts the population balancing equation to develop a framework for studying the proximate determinants of educational homogamy. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth on a cohort of women born between 1957 and 1964, we decompose the odds of homogamy in prevailing marriages into four proximate determinants: (1) first marriages, (2) first and later marital dissolutions, (3) remarriages, and (4) educational attainment after marriage. The odds of homogamy among new first marriages are lower than among prevailing marriages, but not because of selective marital dissolution, remarriage, and educational attainment after marriage, as has been speculated. Prevailing marriages are more likely to be educationally homogamous than new first marriages because of the accumulation of homogamous first marriages in the stock of marriages. First marriages overwhelmingly account for the odds of homogamy in prevailing marriages in this cohort. Marital dissolutions, remarriages, and educational upgrades after marriage have relatively small and offsetting effects. Our results suggest that, despite the high prevalence of divorce, remarriage, and continued schooling after marriage in the United States, the key to understanding trends in educational homogamy lies primarily in variation in assortative mating into first marriage.
Bibliography Citation
Schwartz, Christine R. and Robert D. Mare. "The Proximate Determinants of Educational Homogamy: The Effects of First Marriage, Marital Dissolution, Remarriage, and Educational Upgrading." Demography 49,2 (May 2012): 629-650.
7. Tzeng, Meei-Shenn
Mare, Robert D.
Labor Market and Socioeconomic Effects on Marital Stability
Social Science Research 24,4 (December 1995): 329-351.
Also: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0049089X85710137
Cohort(s): NLSY79, Young Men, Young Women
Publisher: Academic Press, Inc.
Keyword(s): Educational Attainment; Income Level; Labor Market Demographics; Marital Disruption; Marital Dissolution; Marital Stability; Marriage; Siblings; Socioeconomic Factors; Work Experience

This paper reports an investigation of the effects of socioeconomic and labor market factors on the dissolution of marriages since the mid 1960s. We examine the effects of possible sources of marital disruption, including poor labor market opportunities for young adults; the economic independence and improved labor market opportunities of women; and changes in the labor market roles and expectations of women within marriage. Using the National Longitudinal Surveys of Young Men, Young Women, and Youth, we estimate the effects on marital stability of husbands' and wives' levels, differences and changes in educational attainment, income, and annual weeks worked. Our results suggest that average levels of couples' educational attainment and recent work experiences positively affect marital stability. The degree to which husbands and wives differ on educational attainment and income does not affect marital stability, but the more that wives work relative to their husbands, the greater the chances of disruption. Positive changes in wives' socioeconomic and labor force characteristics over the course of their marriages increase the odds of marital disruption. Copyright 1995, 1999 Academic Press, Inc.
Bibliography Citation
Tzeng, Meei-Shenn and Robert D. Mare. "Labor Market and Socioeconomic Effects on Marital Stability." Social Science Research 24,4 (December 1995): 329-351.
8. Tzeng, Meei-Shenn
Mare, Robert D.
Sibling Models for Panel Attrition Bias in the Analysis of School Transitions
Prepared for the Conference on Attrition in Longitudinal Surveys, Washington DC, February 24-25, 1994
Cohort(s): Mature Women, Young Women
Publisher: Author
Keyword(s): Attrition; Intergenerational Patterns/Transmission; Modeling; Parental Influences; School Completion; Siblings

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Studies of the effects of families, schools, and labor market on young persons' decisions to continue in school tell us about the intergenerational transmission of inequality and policy efforts to alter the level and distribution of schooling. This paper examines the effects of parental status and cohort on school continuation decisions of young persons, using models that take account of the potential effects of sample attrition on estimated parameters of our models, This paper proposes alternatives models for sample attrition that exploit an unusual feature of the NLS Surveys, namely, the availability of data on the school transitions and sample attrition of siblings.
Bibliography Citation
Tzeng, Meei-Shenn and Robert D. Mare. "Sibling Models for Panel Attrition Bias in the Analysis of School Transitions." Prepared for the Conference on Attrition in Longitudinal Surveys, Washington DC, February 24-25, 1994.