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Author: Musick, Kelly
Resulting in 10 citations.
1. Ishizuka, Patrick
Musick, Kelly
Occupational Characteristics and Women's Employment During the Transition to Parenthood
Presented: Denver CO, Population Association of America Annual Meeting, April 2018
Cohort(s): NLSY97
Publisher: Population Association of America
Keyword(s): Job Characteristics; Maternal Employment; Motherhood; Occupational Information Network (O*NET); Occupations; Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP)

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Men's and women's divergent employment responses to parenthood have important implications for gender inequality in the labor market. Although scholars theorize that managing the competing demands of work and family should be more difficult in some occupations than in others, we know little about how occupational work demands and resources either facilitate or constrain new mothers' employment. We assess how pre-birth occupational characteristics are associated with women's post-birth employment outcomes using individual-level data from nationally representative panels of the Survey of Income and Program Participation, merged with data on occupational characteristics from the NLSY97 and O*NET. We find that women working in pre-birth occupations with high autonomy and high advanced schedule notice have significantly higher odds of working full-time following a first birth than women in occupations with low autonomy and low advanced notice. This project highlights the role of occupational structure in shaping individual women's employment decisions.
Bibliography Citation
Ishizuka, Patrick and Kelly Musick. "Occupational Characteristics and Women's Employment During the Transition to Parenthood." Presented: Denver CO, Population Association of America Annual Meeting, April 2018.
2. Martin, Steven P.
Musick, Kelly
Unmet Fertility Expectations, Education, and Fertility Postponement among U.S. Women
Presented: Dallas, TX, Population Association of America Meetings, April 2010
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Population Association of America
Keyword(s): College Graduates; Education; Family Formation; Family Planning; Fertility

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Using the National Longitudinal Surveys of Youth 1979 (NLSY79), we use mismatches between womens fertility expectations expressed in 1982 and their completed fertility in 2006 as a tool to analyze educational differences in fertility during this time period. We find very little difference across educational groups in their fertility expectations in young adulthood. We find that about 23 percent of women exceeded their fertility expectations, while a much larger percentage (about 42 percent) of women fell short of their fertility expectations. Within every educational group but especially for college graduates, women were more likely to fall short of their educational expectations than to exceed those expectations. We conclude that unmet fertility expectations had the largest effects on fertility, and on educational differences in fertility, for the NLSY79 cohort.
Bibliography Citation
Martin, Steven P. and Kelly Musick. "Unmet Fertility Expectations, Education, and Fertility Postponement among U.S. Women." Presented: Dallas, TX, Population Association of America Meetings, April 2010.
3. Musick, Kelly
Brand, Jennie E.
Davis, Dwight R.
How College Shapes Union Formation Processes
Presented: Dallas, TX, Population Association of America Meetings, April 2010
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Population Association of America
Keyword(s): Cohabitation; College Education; Educational Aspirations/Expectations; Educational Returns; Marriage; Socioeconomic Background; Socioeconomic Status (SES)

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Recent work by Brand and colleagues demonstrates variation in the effects of education on economic returns to schooling (Brand and Xie Forthcoming) and fertility (Brand and Davis 2009). College has a greater (positive) effect on economic outcomes and a more deterring effect on fertility among those least likely to attend and complete their degrees, i.e., among those with the fewest socioeconomic advantages. We extend recent lines of inquiry into differential college effects and ask how they apply to union formation. Using data from the 1979 NLSY, we find that college effects are strongest in encouraging marriage and discouraging cohabitation among socially advantaged men and women with the highest propensity to attend college (cohabitation differences statistically significant for men only). These results question an “affordability” model of marriage positing the largest effects of college where the economic gains are greatest. The implications of our results for the changing meaning of marriage and cohabitation are discussed.
Bibliography Citation
Musick, Kelly, Jennie E. Brand and Dwight R. Davis. "How College Shapes Union Formation Processes." Presented: Dallas, TX, Population Association of America Meetings, April 2010.
4. Musick, Kelly
Brand, Jennie E.
Davis, Dwight R.
Variation in the Relationship Between Education and Marriage: Marriage Market Mismatch?
Journal of Marriage and Family 74,1 (February 2012): 53-69.
Also: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2011.00879.x/abstract
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Blackwell Publishing, Inc. => Wiley Online
Keyword(s): College Education; College Enrollment; Marriage; Propensity Scores; Socioeconomic Background; Socioeconomic Status (SES)

Educational expansion has led to greater diversity in the social backgrounds of college students. We ask how schooling interacts with this diversity to influence marriage formation among men and women. Relying on data from the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (N =3,208), we use a propensity score approach to group men and women into social strata and multilevel event history models to test differences in the effects of college attendance across strata. We find a statistically significant, positive trend in the effects of college attendance across strata, with the largest effects of college on first marriage among the more advantaged and the smallest—indeed, negative—effects among the least advantaged men and women. These findings appear consistent with a mismatch in the marriage market between individuals’ education and their social backgrounds.
Bibliography Citation
Musick, Kelly, Jennie E. Brand and Dwight R. Davis. "Variation in the Relationship Between Education and Marriage: Marriage Market Mismatch?" Journal of Marriage and Family 74,1 (February 2012): 53-69.
5. Musick, Kelly
Edgington, Sarah
Re-Examining Women's Wages and Fertility: Has the Relationship Changed over Time?
Presented: Detroit MI, Population Association of America Annual Meeting, April 2009.
Also: http://paa2009.princeton.edu/download.aspx?submissionId=91935
Cohort(s): NLSY79, Young Women
Publisher: Population Association of America
Keyword(s): Child Care; Childbearing; Earnings; Employment; Fertility; Labor Force Participation; Wages, Women

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

The opportunity cost or cost-of-time perspective posits that the higher wages and better employment opportunities of the more educated make time out of the labor force for childbearing and child rearing more costly. Increased options to combine work and family, however, undermine assumptions of this model and may weaken or even reverse the negative relationship between wages and fertility. We use rich longitudinal data from two cohorts of U.S. women to explore change in the relationship between wages and fertility.
Bibliography Citation
Musick, Kelly and Sarah Edgington. "Re-Examining Women's Wages and Fertility: Has the Relationship Changed over Time?" Presented: Detroit MI, Population Association of America Annual Meeting, April 2009.
6. Musick, Kelly
Edgington, Sarah
Underachieving Fertility: Education, Life Course Factors, and Cohort Change
Presented: New York, NY, Population Association of America Annual Meetings, March 29-31, 2007.
Also: http://paa2007.princeton.edu/abstractViewer.aspx?submissionId=72106
Cohort(s): NLSY79, Young Women
Publisher: Population Association of America
Keyword(s): College Education; Education; Fertility

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

We use data from the National Longitudinal Surveys of Young Women and Youth to examine cohort change in the relationship between fertility intentions, completed fertility, and education. While all women tend to fall short of their childbearing intentions, the gap between intended and realized fertility is greatest among the college educated. We examine what accounts for women's inability to meet their childbearing intentions, focusing in particular on how such factors differ by women's education, and whether these factors have changed over time. A common explanation of the education gap in fertility is the better employment opportunities of the more educated, which make time out of the labor force for children more costly. Increasingly, however, more educated women can substitute income for time in child care; their better marriage market opportunities may also mean more help from spouses. Have these changes led to increases the ability of college-educated women to meet their fertility intentions?
Bibliography Citation
Musick, Kelly and Sarah Edgington. "Underachieving Fertility: Education, Life Course Factors, and Cohort Change." Presented: New York, NY, Population Association of America Annual Meetings, March 29-31, 2007.
7. Musick, Kelly
England, Paula A.
Class and Education Differences in Planned and Unplanned Fertility
Presented: Philadelphia, PA, Population Association of America Annual Meeting, March-April 2005.
Also: http://paa2005.princeton.edu/download.aspx?submissionId=51699
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Population Association of America
Keyword(s): Childbearing; Contraception; Education Indicators; Fertility; Modeling, Hazard/Event History/Survival/Duration; Socioeconomic Factors

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Class and education differentials in levels of fertility are longstanding. In recent decades, class and education differentials in the timing of fertility have widened, with higher status women increasing age at first birth much more than lower status women. In this paper, we examine three potential factors explaining socioeconomic differences in fertility: 1) the value women place on children; 2) opportunity costs; and 3) contraceptive efficacy. Using data from over twenty years of the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY), we describe patterns of planned and unplanned childbearing among women from different class backgrounds and with varying levels of own education. We use competing hazard models to examine the role of socioeconomic status in planned and unplanned fertility, and we explore the extent to which the association between socioeconomic status and fertility is mediated by childbearing ideals, opportunity costs, and consistency of contraceptive use.
Bibliography Citation
Musick, Kelly and Paula A. England. "Class and Education Differences in Planned and Unplanned Fertility." Presented: Philadelphia, PA, Population Association of America Annual Meeting, March-April 2005.
8. Musick, Kelly
England, Paula A.
Edgington, Sarah
Kangas, Nicole
Education Differences in Intended and Unintended Fertility
Social Forces 88,2 (December 2009): 543-572.
Also: http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/social_forces/summary/v088/88.2.musick.html
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: University of North Carolina Press
Keyword(s): Abortion; Childbearing, Premarital/Nonmarital; Contraception; Educational Attainment; Fertility; Modeling, Hazard/Event History/Survival/Duration; Racial Differences; Sexual Behavior

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Using a hazards framework and panel data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (1979-2004), we analyze the fertility patterns of a recent cohort of white and black women in the United States. We examine how completed fertility varies by women's education, differentiating between intended and unintended births. We find that the education gradient on fertility comes largely from unintended childbearing, and it is not explained by child-bearing desires or opportunity costs, the two most common explanations in previous research. Less-educated women want no more children than the more educated, so this factor explains none of their higher completed fertility. Less-educated women have lower wages, but wages have little of the negative effect on fertility predicted by economic theories of opportunity cost. We propose three other potential mechanisms linking low education and unintended childbearing, focusing on access to contraception and abortion, relational and economic uncertainty, and consistency in the behaviors necessary to avoid unintended pregnancies. Our work highlights the need to incorporate these mechanisms into future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Bibliography Citation
Musick, Kelly, Paula A. England, Sarah Edgington and Nicole Kangas. "Education Differences in Intended and Unintended Fertility." Social Forces 88,2 (December 2009): 543-572.
9. Musick, Kelly
Mare, Robert D.
Family Structure, Intergenerational Mobility and the Reproduction of Poverty: Evidence for Increasing Polarization?
Demography 41,4 (November 2004): 629-649.
Also: http://www.springerlink.com/content/f317q7n734t4471g/
Cohort(s): NLSY79, Young Women
Publisher: Population Association of America
Keyword(s): Family Structure; Fertility; Inheritance; Intergenerational Patterns/Transmission; Mobility; Modeling; Parenthood; Parents, Single; Poverty

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

A substantial body of research has demonstrated links between poverty and family structure from one generation to the next, but has left open key questions about the implications of these associations for aggregate-level change. To what extent does intergenerational inheritance affect trends in poverty and single parenthood over time and, in particular, trends in the relative economic positions of single-parent and two-parent families? This article examines how patterns of intergenerational inheritance play out in the population over the long run, using data from the National Longitudinal Surveys and a model of population renewal that takes into account intergenerational mobility and differential fertility across groups that are defined by poverty status and family structure. Our results suggest that current rates of intergenerational inheritance have little effect on population change over time. They account for only a small share of the recent historical change in poverty and family structure and play no role in exacerbating existing economic disparities by family structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Bibliography Citation
Musick, Kelly and Robert D. Mare. "Family Structure, Intergenerational Mobility and the Reproduction of Poverty: Evidence for Increasing Polarization?" Demography 41,4 (November 2004): 629-649.
10. Musick, Kelly
Mare, Robert D.
Recent Trends in the Inheritance of Poverty and Family Structure
Working Paper CCPR-002-04, California Center for Population Research, Los Angeles, 2004. Also:http://escholarship.org/uc/item/9th763q5
Cohort(s): NLSY79, Young Women
Publisher: California Center for Population Research (CCPR)
Keyword(s): Family Structure; Fertility; Inheritance; Intergenerational Patterns/Transmission; Mobility; Modeling; Parenthood; Parents, Single; Poverty

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

This study investigates trends in the interdependence of poverty and family structure from one generation to the next, focusing specifically on mothers and daughters. This aspect of the mobility process has not been explored, despite widespread concern about the life chances of children in poor single-parent families and dramatic changes in the distributions of poverty and family structure in recent decades. We examine origin-by-destination status along the two dimensions of poverty and family structure, using rich panel data and loglinear models to parse out the associations between poverty and family structure within and across generations. Our results show that the intergenerational associations between poverty and family structure are strong, but operate through largely independent pathways. Net of the correlation between poverty and family structure within a generation, the intergenerational transmission of poverty is significantly stronger than the intergenerational transmission of family structure, and neither childhood poverty nor family structure affects the other in adulthood. Finally, despite important changes in the distributions of poverty and family structure, we find no evidence of change in the processes of intergenerational inheritance over time.
Bibliography Citation
Musick, Kelly and Robert D. Mare. "Recent Trends in the Inheritance of Poverty and Family Structure." Working Paper CCPR-002-04, California Center for Population Research, Los Angeles, 2004. Also:http://escholarship.org/uc/item/9th763q5.