Search Results
Author: Smock, Pamela Jane
Resulting in 9 citations.
| 1. |
Avellar, Sarah A. Smock, Pamela Jane |
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Has the Price of Motherhood Declined Over Time? A Cross-Cohort Comparison of the Motherhood Wage Penalty Journal of Marriage and Family 65,3 (August 2003):597-607. Also: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2003.00597.x/abstract Cohort(s): NLSY79, Young Women Publisher: National Council on Family Relations Keyword(s): Fertility; Heterogeneity; Human Capital; Maternal Employment; Motherhood; Wage Penalty/Career Penalty; Wages, Women Several recent studies have shown a negative association between motherhood and wages. However, an analysis of change over time in the motherhood penalty has not been conducted. Using two cohorts of young women drawn from the 1975-1985 National Longitudinal Survey of Young Women and the 1986-1998 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, we explicitly test the relationship between motherhood and wages across two cohorts and examine whether that relationship has changed. Even after controlling for unobserved heterogeneity and human capital variables, each additional child is associated with a negative effect on women-s wages. Moreover, our findings suggest that the penalty has not diminished over time. |
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Bibliography Citation
Avellar, Sarah A. and Pamela Jane Smock. "Has the Price of Motherhood Declined Over Time? A Cross-Cohort Comparison of the Motherhood Wage Penalty." Journal of Marriage and Family 65,3 (August 2003):597-607.
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Avellar, Sarah A. Smock, Pamela Jane |
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The Economic Consequences of the Dissolution of Cohabiting Unions Journal of Marriage and Family 67,2 (May 2005): 315-328. Also: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.0022-2445.2005.00118.x/abstract Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: National Council on Family Relations Keyword(s): Cohabitation; Divorce; Economic Well-Being; Ethnic Differences; Gender Differences; Hispanics; Marital Dissolution; Poverty; Racial Differences Although the economic effects of divorce have been well studied, a similar exploration of cohabitation has not been conducted. For this analysis, we use a sample from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (N= 2,372) documenting changes in economic well-being at the end of a cohabiting relationship and comparing these results to a sample of divorced respondents. After dissolution, formerly cohabiting men's economic standing declines moderately, whereas formerly cohabiting women's declines much more precipitously, leaving a substantial proportion of women in poverty. This effect is particularly pronounced for African American and Hispanic women. Though the end of the relationship does reinforce gender stratification, it is also an "equalizer" between married and cohabiting women, leaving them in strikingly similar economic positions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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Bibliography Citation
Avellar, Sarah A. and Pamela Jane Smock. "The Economic Consequences of the Dissolution of Cohabiting Unions." Journal of Marriage and Family 67,2 (May 2005): 315-328.
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| 3. |
Manning, Wendy D. Smock, Pamela Jane Dorius, Cassandra J. Cooksey, Elizabeth C. |
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Cohabitation Expectations Among Young Adults in the United States: Do They Match Behavior? Population Research and Policy Review 33,2 (April 2014): 287-305. Also: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11113-013-9316-3 Cohort(s): NLSY79, NLSY79 Young Adult Publisher: Springer Keyword(s): Cohabitation; Dating; Expectations/Intentions; Gender Differences; Household Composition; Marital History/Transitions Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Cohabitation continues to rise, but there is a lack of knowledge about expectations to cohabit and the linkage between expectations and subsequent cohabitation. We capitalize on a new opportunity to study cohabitation expectations by drawing on the National Longitudinal Study of Youth (NLSY79) main youth and two waves (2008 and 2010) of the NLSY young adult (YA) surveys (n = 1,105). We find considerable variation in cohabitation expectations: 39.9 % have no expectation of cohabiting in the future and 16.6 % report high odds of cohabiting in the next 2 years. Cohabitation expectations are associated with higher odds of entering a cohabiting relationship, but are not perfectly associated. Only 38 % of YAs with certain cohabitation expectations in 2008 entered a cohabiting union by 2010. Further investigation of the mismatch between expectations and behaviors indicates that a substantial minority (30 %) who entered a cohabiting union had previously reported no or low expectations, instances of what we term “unplanned cohabitation.” Our findings underscore the importance of considering not only just behavior but also individuals’ expectations for understanding union formation, and more broadly, family change. |
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Bibliography Citation
Manning, Wendy D., Pamela Jane Smock, Cassandra J. Dorius and Elizabeth C. Cooksey. "Cohabitation Expectations Among Young Adults in the United States: Do They Match Behavior?" Population Research and Policy Review 33,2 (April 2014): 287-305.
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Smock, Pamela Jane |
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Economic Costs of Martial Disruption for Young Women in the United States: Have They Declined over the Past Two Decades? Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1992 Cohort(s): NLSY79, Young Men, Young Women Publisher: UMI - University Microfilms, Bell and Howell Information and Learning Keyword(s): Divorce; Educational Returns; Marital Dissolution; Work Experience; Work History This dissertation examines the economic costs of separation and divorce for young women in the United States from the late 1960s through the late 1980s. Broadened opportunities for women outside of marriage may have alleviated the severe economic costs of marital disruption. This research thus contrasts the experiences of two cohorts of young women: those who married and separated or divorced in the late 1960s through the mid-1970s and those who experienced these events in the 1980s. Drawing on panel data from the National Longitudinal Surveys of Youth 1979-88, Young Women 1968-78, and Young Men 1966-78, the results show stability in the costs of disruption for the two cohorts. Levels of post disruption economic status and declines from predisruption levels are similar. The results show that women in the more recent cohort had more labor force experience prior to marital disruption than those in the earlier cohort, but that prior work history does not protect women from the costs of disruption. Young separated and divorced women are also not receiving greater income returns to their schooling or labor force experience over time. Other findings show that unmeasured characteristics do not account for the persisting disadvantages of marital disruption. Young martially-disrupted women continue to confront the low wages and conflict between parenting and employment as their counterparts a decade or so ago. |
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Bibliography Citation
Smock, Pamela Jane. Economic Costs of Martial Disruption for Young Women in the United States: Have They Declined over the Past Two Decades? Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1992. |
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Smock, Pamela Jane |
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Gender and the Short-Run Economic Consequences of Marital Disruption Social Forces 73,1 (September 1994): 243-262. Also: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2579925 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: University of North Carolina Press Keyword(s): Divorce; Economic Well-Being; Economics of Gender; Educational Attainment; Gender Differences; Hispanics; Marital Instability; Parenthood; Women's Roles; Work Experience Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Analysis of national survey data found that, among young adult couples separating or divorcing during the 1980s, women's postdisruption economic welfare was significantly lower than men's within all racial-ethnic groups. This disparity stemmed, directly and indirectly, from women's roles as primary child caretakers and was not related to gender differences in education or work experience. |
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Bibliography Citation
Smock, Pamela Jane. "Gender and the Short-Run Economic Consequences of Marital Disruption." Social Forces 73,1 (September 1994): 243-262.
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| 6. |
Smock, Pamela Jane |
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The Economic Costs of Marital Disruption for Young Women Over the Past Two Decades Demography 30,3 (August 1993): 353-371. Also: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2061645 Cohort(s): NLSY79, Young Men, Young Women Publisher: Population Association of America Keyword(s): Divorce; Economic Well-Being; Marital Disruption; Marital Dissolution; Women; Work Experience Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. This paper examines the economic costs of separation and divorce for young women in the United States from the late 1960s through the late 1980s. Broadened opportunities for women outside marriage may have alleviated some of the severe economic costs of marital disruption for women. This paper contrasts the experiences of two cohorts of young women: those who married and separated or divorced in the late 1960s through the mid-1970s and those who experienced these events in the 1980s. Based on panel data from the National Longitudinal Surveys of Youth 1979-1988, Young Women 1968-1978, and Young Men 1966-1978, the results show stability in the costs of disruption. A multivariate analysis shows that young women in the more recent cohort have more labor force experience before disruption than those in the earlier cohort, but prior work history does not protect women from the severe costs of marital disruption. |
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Bibliography Citation
Smock, Pamela Jane. "The Economic Costs of Marital Disruption for Young Women Over the Past Two Decades." Demography 30,3 (August 1993): 353-371.
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| 7. |
Smock, Pamela Jane Manning, Wendy D. Dorius, Cassandra J. |
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The Intergenerational Transmission of Cohabitation and Marriage in the U.S.: The Role of Parental Union Histories Presented: New Orleans LA, Population Association of America Annual Meeting, April 2013 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79, NLSY79 Young Adult Publisher: Population Association of America Keyword(s): Cohabitation; Family Structure; Fathers, Influence; Fathers, Involvement; Gender Differences; Marital History/Transitions; Marriage; Modeling, Hazard/Event History/Survival/Duration; Stepfamilies Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Over two decades ago, in his presidential address to the Population Association of America, demographer Larry Bumpass posed the question: “What’s Happening to the Family?” The issues he raised in that address motivate this paper. Most broadly, we are interested in tracing processes that may continue to fuel family change. Specifically, this paper investigates the intergenerational transmission of cohabitation and marriage, focusing on parents and their young adult children. This paper extends knowledge about linkages between parents’ cohabitation and marital histories and children’s own union formation behavior. We use data from 23 waves (1979-2008) of the 1979 National Longitudinal Study of Youth (NLSY79) main youth and 2 waves (2008 and 2010) of the young adult (YA) survey. |
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Bibliography Citation
Smock, Pamela Jane, Wendy D. Manning and Cassandra J. Dorius. "The Intergenerational Transmission of Cohabitation and Marriage in the U.S.: The Role of Parental Union Histories." Presented: New Orleans LA, Population Association of America Annual Meeting, April 2013. |
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Wise, Akilah Geronimus, Arline T. Smock, Pamela Jane |
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The Best of Intentions: A Structural Analysis of the Association between Socioeconomic Disadvantage and Unintended Pregnancy in a Sample of Mothers from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (1979) Women's Health Issues 27,1 (January-February 2017): 5-13. Also: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1049386716302754 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Elsevier Keyword(s): Age at First Birth; Disadvantaged, Economically; Educational Attainment; First Birth; Pregnancy and Pregnancy Outcomes; Wantedness Methods: Using multivariate regression, we analyze a sample of women in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (1979) who had their first births by 1994. We test whether an index measure of educational advantage in youth predicts unintended first birth. Results: Unadjusted results confirm well-documented associations between educational disadvantage and greater likelihood of unintended pregnancy. However, once covariates are controlled, those with high educational advantage in youth are more likely to report their first birth as mistimed (relative risk ratio, 1.57). Discussion: Educational advantage captures expectations about how much education a young woman will obtain before giving birth and is a structural dynamic that precedes proximate factors related to family planning access and behaviors. Conclusions: These findings highlight the need to incorporate structural factors that condition perceptions of pregnancy intention in the study of unintended pregnancy and to critically reevaluate the conceptualization and interpretation of pregnancy intention measures. |
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Bibliography Citation
Wise, Akilah, Arline T. Geronimus and Pamela Jane Smock. "The Best of Intentions: A Structural Analysis of the Association between Socioeconomic Disadvantage and Unintended Pregnancy in a Sample of Mothers from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (1979)." Women's Health Issues 27,1 (January-February 2017): 5-13.
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| 9. |
Zobl, Sara R. Smock, Pamela Jane |
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Historical Change in the Transition to Adulthood for American Women Presented: Seattle WA, American Sociological Association Annual Meeting, August 2016 Cohort(s): NLSY79, NLSY97 Publisher: American Sociological Association Keyword(s): Life Course; Transition, Adulthood Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Using data from the NLSY79 and NLSY97, we document variation in pathways to adulthood within and between two cohorts of American women. We take a holistic perspective in studying historical change in women's life courses, and aim to further sociological understanding of contemporary pathways from youth to adulthood, including implications for life outcomes and inequality among women completing the transition by way of uncommon paths. |
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Bibliography Citation
Zobl, Sara R. and Pamela Jane Smock. "Historical Change in the Transition to Adulthood for American Women." Presented: Seattle WA, American Sociological Association Annual Meeting, August 2016. |