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Author: van den Oord, Edwin J. C. G.
Resulting in 10 citations.
1. Cleveland, Hobart Harrington
Wiebe, Richard P.
van den Oord, Edwin J. C. G.
Rowe, David C.
Behavior Problems among Children from Different Family Structures: The Influence of Genetic Self-Selection
Child Development 71,3 (May/June 2000): 733-751.
Also: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1467-8624.00182/abstract
Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79
Publisher: Blackwell Publishing, Inc. => Wiley Online
Keyword(s): Behavior Problems Index (BPI); Behavioral Problems; Children, Adjustment Problems; Children, Behavioral Development; Family Models; Genetics; Modeling; Siblings

To examine both genetic and environmental influences on children's behavior problems in households defined by marital status and sibling relatedness, this study applied behavioral genetic methodology to four groups totalling 1524 sibling pairs drawn from 796 households: (1) two-parent full siblings, (2) two-parent half siblings, (3) mother-only full siblings, and (4) mother-only half siblings. Model-fitting procedures found that within-group variation on four subscales from the Behavior Problems Index was best explained by a model including both genetic and shared environmental factors. This model was then fit to the behavior problems means of the four groups. Its successful fit to these mean structures suggested that mean-level differences between groups were explained with the same influences that accounted for within-group variation. Genetic influences accounted for 81% to 94% of the mean-level difference in behavior problems between the two-parent, full sibling and the mother-only, half sibling groups. In contrast, shared environmental influences accounted for 67% to 88% of the mean-level difference in behavior problems between the two-parent, full sibling and mother-only, full sibling groups. The genetic influences are interpreted in terms of genetic self-selection into family structures.
Bibliography Citation
Cleveland, Hobart Harrington, Richard P. Wiebe, Edwin J. C. G. van den Oord and David C. Rowe. "Behavior Problems among Children from Different Family Structures: The Influence of Genetic Self-Selection ." Child Development 71,3 (May/June 2000): 733-751.
2. Rodgers, Joseph Lee
Cleveland, Hobart Harrington
van den Oord, Edwin J. C. G.
Rowe, David C.
Birth Order and Intelligence: Together Again for the Last Time?
American Psychologist 56,6-7 (June-July 2001): 523-524.
Also: http://content.apa.org/journals/amp/56/6-7/523.pdf
Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Keyword(s): Birth Order; Digit Span (also see Memory for Digit Span - WISC); Family Size; I.Q.; Intelligence

Responds to comments by R. L. Michalski and T. K. Shackelford (see record 2001-17729-012), D. J. Armor (see record 2001-17729-013), and R. B. Zajonc (see record 2001-17729-014) on the authors' original article (see record 2000-15774-002) that examines the use of within-family models in studies of the relationship between birth order and intelligence. In the aforementioned article, the authors concluded that although low-IQ parents have been making large families, large families do not make low-IQ children in modern US society. In this comment, the authors note that none of the comments do any ultimate damage to the methodological resolution proposed in their original article. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved)
Bibliography Citation
Rodgers, Joseph Lee, Hobart Harrington Cleveland, Edwin J. C. G. van den Oord and David C. Rowe. "Birth Order and Intelligence: Together Again for the Last Time? ." American Psychologist 56,6-7 (June-July 2001): 523-524.
3. Rodgers, Joseph Lee
Cleveland, Hobart Harrington
van den Oord, Edwin J. C. G.
Rowe, David C.
Resolving the Debate Over Birth Order, Family Size, and Intelligence
American Psychologist 55,6 (June 2000): 599-612
Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Keyword(s): Armed Forces Qualifications Test (AFQT); Birth Order; Family Size; Family Studies; Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Math); Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Reading); Siblings

Hundreds of research articles have addressed the relationship between birth order and intelligence. Virtually all have used cross-sectional data, which are fundamentally flawed in the assessment of within-family (including birth order) processes. Although within-family models have been based on patterns in cross-sectional data, a number of equally plausible between-family explanations also exist. Within-family (preferably intact-family) data are prerequisite for separating within- and between-family causal processes. This observation reframes an old issue in a way that can easily be addressed by studying graphical patterns. Sibling data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth are evaluated, and the results are compared with those from other studies using within-family data. It appears that although low-IQ parents have been making large families, large families do not make low-IQ children in modern U.S. society. The apparent relation between birth order and intelligence has been a methodological illusion.
Bibliography Citation
Rodgers, Joseph Lee, Hobart Harrington Cleveland, Edwin J. C. G. van den Oord and David C. Rowe. "Resolving the Debate Over Birth Order, Family Size, and Intelligence." American Psychologist 55,6 (June 2000): 599-612.
4. Rodgers, Joseph Lee
Garrison, S. Mason
O'Keefe, Patrick
Bard, David E.
Hunter, Michael D.
Beasley, William H.
van den Oord, Edwin J. C. G.
Responding to a 100-Year-Old Challenge from Fisher: A Biometrical Analysis of Adult Height in the NLSY Data Using Only Cousin Pairs
Behavior Genetics 49,5 (September 2019): 444-454. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10519-019-09967-6
Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Young Adult
Publisher: Behavior Genetics Association
Keyword(s): Family, Extended; Height; Kinship

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

In 1918, Fisher suggested that his research team had consistently found inflated cousin correlations. He also commented that because a cousin sample with minimal selection bias was not available the cause of the inflation could not be addressed, leaving this inflation as a challenge still to be solved. In the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (the NLSY79, the NLSY97, and the NLSY-Children/Young Adult datasets), there are thousands of available cousin pairs. Those in the NLSYC/YA are obtained approximately without selection. In this paper, we address Fisher's challenge using these data. Further, we also evaluate the possibility of fitting ACE models using only cousin pairs, including full cousins, half-cousins, and quarter-cousins. To have any chance at success in such a restricted kinship domain requires an available and highly-reliable phenotype; we use adult height in our analysis. Results provide a possible answer to Fisher's challenge, and demonstrate the potential for using cousin pairs in a stand-alone analysis (as well as in combination with other biometrical designs).
Bibliography Citation
Rodgers, Joseph Lee, S. Mason Garrison, Patrick O'Keefe, David E. Bard, Michael D. Hunter, William H. Beasley and Edwin J. C. G. van den Oord. "Responding to a 100-Year-Old Challenge from Fisher: A Biometrical Analysis of Adult Height in the NLSY Data Using Only Cousin Pairs." Behavior Genetics 49,5 (September 2019): 444-454. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10519-019-09967-6.
5. van den Oord, Edwin J. C. G.
Estimating Effects of Latent and Measured Genotypes in Multilevel Models
Statistical Methods in Medical Research 10,6 (December 2001): 393-407
Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79
Publisher: Hodder Arnold
Keyword(s): Birthweight; Family Models; Family Studies; Genetics; Locus of Control (see Rotter Scale); Modeling, Multilevel; Siblings

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Multilevel modelling is a data analysis technique for analysing linear models in samples with a hierarchical or clustered structure. Clustered data are often present in genetic research where family members may either be required or serve a methodological purpose to study hereditary factors. These samples imply a natural hierarchy because genetically related individuals are grouped within families. We first demonstrate the use of multilevel modelling to study latent genetic and environmental components of variance in extended families where subjects may be related as twins, full siblings, half siblings, or cousins. Next, measured genotypes are included to estimate locus effects. Because the model accounts for the clustering of observations by estimating a random intercept at the family level, it tests for genotype effects on the phenotype within families so that possible population stratification effects cannot cause false positive results. Several extensions are discussed such as testing for genotype-environment interactions, analysing different types of response scales, or tailoring the model to other sample structures. To illustrate the approach we used birth weight data of 5562 children from 3643 fathers from 3186 mothers in 2873 extended families to which simulated genotypes of a hypothetical locus were added.
Bibliography Citation
van den Oord, Edwin J. C. G. "Estimating Effects of Latent and Measured Genotypes in Multilevel Models." Statistical Methods in Medical Research 10,6 (December 2001): 393-407.
6. van den Oord, Edwin J. C. G.
Pickles, Andrew
Waldman, Irwin D.
Normal Variation and Abnormality: An Empirical Study of the Liability Distributions Underlying Depression and Delinquency
Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 44,2 (February 2003): 180–192.
Also: http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/full/10.1111/1469-7610.00113
Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79
Publisher: Blackwell Publishing, Inc. => Wiley Online
Keyword(s): Behavior Problems Index (BPI); Delinquency/Gang Activity; Depression (see also CESD); National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (AddHealth); Scale Construction

Background: Scale scores in studies of emotional and behavioural problems often possess highly skewed distributions. The long upper tails of these distributions place a small proportion of the population at some distance from the main body of the distribution. This invites an interpretation of their forming an abnormal group, one that may be qualitatively distinct.

Methods: Item-response models were fitted to data on parent and self-rated depression and delinquency from four large samples of children or adolescents.

Results: We found that underlying liability distributions show very little or no evidence of non-normality.

Conclusions: The results suggest that (i) the skewed nature of the scale scores may be largely measurement artefacts, (ii) the distributions provide no evidence of a qualitatively distinct process generating abnormality as compared to normal variation and (iii) for characterising the whole distribution, including normality and abnormality, the selection of items in typical current assessments of emotional and behavioural problems is not optimal.

Bibliography Citation
van den Oord, Edwin J. C. G., Andrew Pickles and Irwin D. Waldman. "Normal Variation and Abnormality: An Empirical Study of the Liability Distributions Underlying Depression and Delinquency." Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 44,2 (February 2003): 180–192. A.
7. van den Oord, Edwin J. C. G.
Rowe, David C.
A Cousin Study of Associations between Family Demographic Characteristics and Children's Intellectual Ability
Intelligence 27,3 (September 1999): 251-266.
Also: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160289699000227
Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79
Publisher: Elsevier
Keyword(s): Age at First Birth; Educational Attainment; Family Studies; Fathers, Absence; I.Q.; Memory for Digit Span (WISC) - also see Digit Span; Mothers, Education; Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Math); Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Reading); Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT); Poverty; Self-Esteem; Siblings; Welfare

Cousins and siblings from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) were used to evaluate for several frequently studied environmental variables, the null-hypothesis that correlations with children's IQs represented causal effects. For the majority of the tests the null-hypothesis had to be rejected. Cousin correlations for age [of] mother at the birth of her first child, maternal self-esteem, highest grade completed by the mother, highest grade completed by the father, family poverty status, marital status of the mother, and number of children, suggested that these associations may for an important part be spurious and confounded by third variables that are shared by cousins and affect both the children's home environment as well as their intellectual abilities. Results for quality of the home environment were more equivocal and suggested at least smaller effects of third variables.
Bibliography Citation
van den Oord, Edwin J. C. G. and David C. Rowe. "A Cousin Study of Associations between Family Demographic Characteristics and Children's Intellectual Ability." Intelligence 27,3 (September 1999): 251-266.
8. van den Oord, Edwin J. C. G.
Rowe, David C.
An Examination of Genotype-environment Interactions for Academic Achievement in an U.S. National Longitudinal Survey
Intelligence 25,3 (1997): 205-228.
Also: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016028969790043X
Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79
Publisher: Elsevier
Keyword(s): Educational Attainment; Ethnic Groups/Ethnicity; Fathers, Absence; Genetics; Home Observation for Measurement of Environment (HOME); Kinship; Marital Status; Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Math); Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Reading); Poverty; Siblings; Welfare

We examined whether genetic and environmental effects on academic achievement changed as a function of the quality of the children's environment. The study included a variety of observed environmental measures such as parental cognitive stimulation and poverty level, longitudinal information about previous environmental conditions, and a larger than average number of children who grew up in deprived environments. The sample consisted of 1664 pairs of full siblings, 366 pairs of half siblings, and 752 pairs of cousins who were on average 9.58 years old. Both a simple descriptive approach as well as significance tests performed with multilevel regression analyses showed little evidence for genotype-environment interactions. There was only a slight trend consisting of a linear decrease of total variance or nonshared environmental effects from deprived to good environments.
Bibliography Citation
van den Oord, Edwin J. C. G. and David C. Rowe. "An Examination of Genotype-environment Interactions for Academic Achievement in an U.S. National Longitudinal Survey." Intelligence 25,3 (1997): 205-228.
9. van den Oord, Edwin J. C. G.
Rowe, David C.
Continuity and Change in Children's Social Maladjustment: A Developmental Behavior Genetic Study
Developmental Psychology 33,2 (March 1997): 319-332.
Also: http://psycnet.apa.org/journals/dev/33/2/319/
Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Keyword(s): Behavior Problems Index (BPI); Behavioral Problems; Children, Adjustment Problems; Children, Behavioral Development; Genetics; Modeling; Siblings

Two developmental models were used to study genetic and environmental mechanisms underlying continuity and change in children's maladjustment. The transmission model assumed that successive levels of functioning were causally linked and that earlier experiences or prior genetic influences affected later maladjustment. The liability model related continuity in problem behavior to stable underlying environmental or genetic factors. The analyses pertained on average to 436 pairs of full siblings, 119 pairs of half siblings and 122 pairs of cousins for whom maternal ratings of problem behaviors were available at ages 4-6, 6-8, and 8-10. Nonshared environmental influences appeared to be most important for changes in children's problem behaviors and did not have significant effects on age-to-age continuity. To represent the genetic and shared environmental mechanisms underlying stability in problem behavior, liability models without time specific effects were preferred.
Bibliography Citation
van den Oord, Edwin J. C. G. and David C. Rowe. "Continuity and Change in Children's Social Maladjustment: A Developmental Behavior Genetic Study." Developmental Psychology 33,2 (March 1997): 319-332.
10. van den Oord, Edwin J. C. G.
Rowe, David C.
Racial Differences in Birth Health Risk: A Quantitative Genetic Approach
Demography 37,3 (August 2000): 285-298.
Also: http://www.springerlink.com/content/1hj1327113014059/
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Population Association of America
Keyword(s): Birthweight; Genetics; Infants; Mothers, Race; Racial Differences; Weight

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

The gap between black and white babies' birth weights in the US has remained largely unexplained. Rather than trying to measure all relevant variables, a genetically informative design was used to study the relevant importance of genetic and environmental factors, using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. Employing multiple indicators of "birth health risk," it was found that the racial differences increased with the magnitude of the shared environmental effects. This suggested that possible genetic effects would not pertain to fetal genes, although genes affecting the mother's physical or physiological characteristics could be important because they contribute to shared environment in the analysis. 4 Tables, 3 Figures, 49 References. Adapted from the source document.
Bibliography Citation
van den Oord, Edwin J. C. G. and David C. Rowe. "Racial Differences in Birth Health Risk: A Quantitative Genetic Approach." Demography 37,3 (August 2000): 285-298.