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Source: Journal of Nutrition

Resulting in 4 citations.

1.	Gibson, Diane M.
1.	Food Stamp Program Participation Is Positively Related To Obesity In Low Income Women The Journal of Nutrition 133,7 (July 2003): 2225-2231. Also: http://www.nutrition.org/cgi/content/full/133/7/2225 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: American Society for Nutritional Sciences Keyword(s): Food Stamps (see Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program); Income Level; Modeling, Fixed Effects; Obesity; Poverty; Welfare Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. This study examined the relationship between Food stamp Program (FSP) participation and the obesity of low income individuals using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979. Obesity was defined as body mass index [greater than or equal to] 30 kg/[m.sup.2]. The data were arranged as a panel with multiple observations per individual, and the models of obesity included current and long-term FSP participation, additional demographic, socioeconomic and environment characteristics and individual fixed effects. Individual fixed effects were used to take into account unobserved differences across individuals that did not vary over time. In ordinary least squares models, current and long-term FSP participation were significantly related to the obesity of low income women (P < 0.05), but not of low income men. For low income women, current participation in the FSP was associated with a 9.1% increase in the predicted probability of current obesity. Participation in the FSP in each of the previous five years compared to no participation over that time period was associated with approximately a 20.5% increase in the predicted probability of current obesity. These models did not control for food insecurity, and this omission potentially complicates the interpretation of the FSP participation variables.
	Bibliography Citation Gibson, Diane M. "Food Stamp Program Participation Is Positively Related To Obesity In Low Income Women." The Journal of Nutrition 133,7 (July 2003): 2225-2231.

2.	Gibson, Diane M.
2.	Long-Term Food Stamp Program Participation is Differentially Related to Overweight in Young Girls and Boys Journal of Nutrition 134,2 (February 2004): 372-380. Also: http://search.epnet.com/direct.asp?an=12385679&db=aph Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79 Publisher: American Society for Nutritional Sciences Keyword(s): Body Mass Index (BMI); Child Health; Demography; Food Stamps (see Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program); Modeling; Modeling, Fixed Effects; Nutritional Status/Nutrition/Consumption Behaviors; Obesity; Socioeconomic Factors; Weight Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. This paper examines the relation between long-term Food Stamp Program (FSP) participation and overweight in children using data on children from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 Child Sample. A child was categorized as overweight if his or her BMI was = the 95th percentile of sex- and age-specific BMI. The data were arranged as a panel with multiple observations per child, and the preferred models of overweight included long-term FSP participation, additional demographic, socioeconomic, and environmental characteristics, and child fixed effects. Child fixed effects were used to take into account unobserved differences across children that did not vary over time. The models were estimated separately for younger (5-11 y old) and older (12-18 y old) children. In Ordinary Least Squares models, long-term FSP participation was positively and significantly related to overweight in young girls (P = 0.048), and negatively and significantly related to overweight in young boys (P = 0.100). Compared with girls and boys whose families did not participate in the FSP during the previous 5 y, FSP participation during all of the previous 5 y was associated with a 42.8% increase for young girls and a 28.8% decrease for young boys in the predicted probability of overweight. Long-term FSP participation was not significantly related to overweight in older children. Although these models did not control for food insecurity, the potential role of food insecurity in FSP participation was considered in the interpretation of the relation between FSP participation and child weight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
	Bibliography Citation Gibson, Diane M. "Long-Term Food Stamp Program Participation is Differentially Related to Overweight in Young Girls and Boys." Journal of Nutrition 134,2 (February 2004): 372-380.

3.	Gibson, Diane M.
3.	Long-Term Food Stamp Program Participation Is Positively Related to Simultaneous Overweight in Young Daughters and Obesity in Mothers Journal of Nutrition 136,4 (April 2006): 1081-1085 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Publisher: American Society for Nutritional Sciences Keyword(s): Food Stamps (see Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program); Intergenerational Patterns/Transmission; Modeling, Fixed Effects; Mothers and Daughters; Obesity Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Previous research using longitudinal data has found a positive and significant relationship between Food Stamp Program (FSP) participation and overweight in young girls and obesity in low-income women. This paper examined whether these relationships occurred simultaneously for members of the same family using longitudinal data on young (aged 4.5-11.5 y) girls and their mothers from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979. The results of ordinary least squares models that included detailed measures of individual, family, and environment characteristics and daughter or mother fixed effects indicated that all of the positive association between long-term FSP participation and overweight in daughters was accounted for by the association between long-term FSP participation and simultaneous overweight in daughters and obesity in mothers. Similarly, all of the positive association between long-term FSP participation and obesity in mothers was accounted for by the association between long-term FSP participation and simultaneous obesity in mothers and overweight in at least 1 young daughter. These results suggest that the relationship between long-term FSP participation and weight is a family phenomenon.
	Bibliography Citation Gibson, Diane M. "Long-Term Food Stamp Program Participation Is Positively Related to Simultaneous Overweight in Young Daughters and Obesity in Mothers." Journal of Nutrition 136,4 (April 2006): 1081-1085.

4.	Powell, Lisa M. Han, Euna Chaloupka, Frank J.
4.	Economic Contextual Factors, Food Consumption, and Obesity among U.S. Adolescents The Journal of Nutrition 140,6 (June 2010): 1175-1180. Also: http://jn.nutrition.org/content/140/6/1175.full?sid=460e971c-932f-4e86-87d2-2cb4ea418844 Cohort(s): NLSY79, NLSY97 Publisher: American Society for Nutritional Sciences Keyword(s): Adolescent Behavior; Body Mass Index (BMI); Nutritional Status/Nutrition/Consumption Behaviors; Obesity; Socioeconomic Status (SES); Taxes; Weight Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Adolescents have poor dietary behaviors and high overweight prevalence. Economic contextual factors such as food prices and food store and restaurant availability are hypothesized and increasingly being explored empirically as contributors to the obesity epidemic. Evidence showed that healthful compared with less healthful foods increasingly cost more and that fast food restaurants are increasingly available. In addition, racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic disparities have been documented in access to food outlets, particularly chain supermarkets, and such disparities have been shown to be increasing recently. Empirical evidence based on nationally representative U.S. adolescent data revealed that lower fruit and vegetable prices, higher fast food prices, and greater supermarket availability were related to higher fruit and vegetable consumption and lower BMI, in particular for BMI among teens who are overweight or at risk for overweight and who are low- to middle-socioeconomic status. The availability of fast food restaurants was not associated with youth BMI. Overall, this research implies that pricing interventions of taxes on energy-dense foods such as fast food and/or subsidies to healthful foods such as fruits and vegetables and policy efforts to improve access to supermarkets may help to improve adolescent weight outcomes.
	Bibliography Citation Powell, Lisa M., Euna Han and Frank J. Chaloupka. "Economic Contextual Factors, Food Consumption, and Obesity among U.S. Adolescents." The Journal of Nutrition 140,6 (June 2010): 1175-1180.

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