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Source: Quarterly Review of Economics and Business

Resulting in 3 citations.

1.	Hoffman, Emily P.
1.	Fertility and Female Employment Quarterly Review of Economics and Business 25,1 (Spring 1985): 85-96 Cohort(s): Mature Women Publisher: Bureau of Economic and Business Research, University of Illinois, see Elsevier Science Keyword(s): Children; Employment; Family Resources; Fertility; Husbands, Income; Wives Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. This study investigates the relationship between fertility and female employment for black and white wives, using the NLS of Mature Women. Findings are that fertility is a negative significant determinant of employment, annual hours employed is not a significant determinant of fertility, and labor force participation is a negative significant determinant of pre-school children (ages 0 to 5). Black and white women differed significantly in determinants of fertility and in determinants of labor force participation but not in determinants of annual hours employed. For black wives, husband's income negatively affects fertility, while for white wives, husband's income has no effect on fertility.
	Bibliography Citation Hoffman, Emily P. "Fertility and Female Employment." Quarterly Review of Economics and Business 25,1 (Spring 1985): 85-96.

2.	O'Connell, John F.
2.	Union Wage Effect: Differential Determinants and Differential Returns Quarterly Review of Economics and Business 20,4 (Winter 1980): 107-117 Cohort(s): Older Men Publisher: Bureau of Economic and Business Research, University of Illinois, see Elsevier Science Keyword(s): Earnings; Industrial Classification; Unions; Wage Differentials; Wage Effects Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Despite the large amount of research aimed at measuring the union wage effect, relatively little attention has been devoted to its causes. An attempt is made to divide the union wage effect into a portion due to differential earnings determinants and a portion due to differential returns to a set of determinants. A further breakdown is made into factors associated with a particular worker, often equated with productivity, and market factors. The model is tested using the NLS data for Older Men. The results indicate that, quantitatively, unions exert their greatest influence by altering the returns to earnings determinants rather than changing the determinants. It is also shown that unions have little impact on worker productivity. In addition, the ability of unions to extract wages independent of either individual attributes or differential returns to these attributes appears most in transportation, communication, and public utilities.
	Bibliography Citation O'Connell, John F. "Union Wage Effect: Differential Determinants and Differential Returns." Quarterly Review of Economics and Business 20,4 (Winter 1980): 107-117.

3.	Tremblay, Carol Horton
3.	Wage Patterns of Women Over the Business Cycle Quarterly Review of Economics and Business 30,1 (Spring 1990): 90-101 Cohort(s): Young Men, Young Women Publisher: Bureau of Economic and Business Research, University of Illinois, see Elsevier Science Keyword(s): Business Cycles; Discrimination, Sex; Labor Supply; Modeling, Fixed Effects; Selectivity Bias/Selection Bias; Sex Equality; Wages Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. An investigation is made of the behavior of real wages over business cycles for women. The data source is the NLS of Young Women for the years 1968-1973, 1975, 1977, and 1978. The sample was limited to individuals aged 16 or over who work at least 35 hours per week. The study made 4,053 observations on white women and 1,396 observations on nonwhite women aged 16 to 34. It is shown that young women in the late 1960s and 1970s encountered procyclical real wage behavior as did their male counterparts. White women experienced a 0.4% pay increase and nonwhite women experienced a 0.5% raise when the local unemployment rate declined by 1%. Panel data estimates of a selectivity-adjusted, fixed-effects wage model also reveal significantly greater procyclical real wage behavior for white men than for white women. The procyclical wage patterns are consistent with the Barro-Grossman disequilibrium model and the view that workers with specific training investments prefer wage reductions to layoffs in recessions. [ABI/INFORM]
	Bibliography Citation Tremblay, Carol Horton. "Wage Patterns of Women Over the Business Cycle." Quarterly Review of Economics and Business 30,1 (Spring 1990): 90-101.

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