Search Results

Author: Frech, Adrianne
Resulting in 25 citations.
1. Damaske, Sarah
Frech, Adrianne
Unemployment Trajectories across the Life Course: Gender, Economic Context, and Work-Family Responsibilities
Presented: New York NY, American Sociological Association Annual Meeting, August 2019
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: American Sociological Association
Keyword(s): Gender Differences; Life Course; Unemployment

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

A wealth of sociological knowledge investigates the causes and consequences of job loss and unemployment, yet we know little about men's and women's unemployment across the life course. It is unlikely all men and women are equally at risk to experience unemployment across their working years, yet no previous study has followed men and women longitudinally to determine whether "pathways" of unemployment risk emerge over time. We use the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 (NLSY79) to identify group-based trajectories of unemployment risk across ages 27-49, separately by gender among younger Baby-Boomers. We identify three trajectories of unemployment risk for men, and four for women. Although just over half of men (55%) and women (59%) spend much of their 20s, 30s, and 40s with little to no risk of unemployment, the remaining sizable minority vary both in the timing and in the level of their unemployment risk. We also identify the early life predictors, local labor market factors, and work-family correlates that put some men and women at greater risk of experiencing unemployment across the life course.
Bibliography Citation
Damaske, Sarah and Adrianne Frech. "Unemployment Trajectories across the Life Course: Gender, Economic Context, and Work-Family Responsibilities." Presented: New York NY, American Sociological Association Annual Meeting, August 2019.
2. Damaske, Sarah
Frech, Adrianne
Women's Work Pathways Across the Life Course
Demography 53,2 (April 2016): 365-391.
Also: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs13524-016-0464-z
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Population Association of America
Keyword(s): Employment; Family Constraints; Labor Force Participation; Life Course; Women

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Despite numerous changes in women's employment in the latter half of the twentieth century, women's employment continues to be uneven and stalled. Drawing from data on women's weekly work hours in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY79), we identify significant inequality in women's labor force experiences across adulthood. We find two pathways of stable full-time work for women, three pathways of part-time employment, and a pathway of unpaid labor. A majority of women follow one of the two full-time work pathways, while fewer than 10 % follow a pathway of unpaid labor. Our findings provide evidence of the lasting influence of work–family conflict and early socioeconomic advantages and disadvantages on women’s work pathways. Indeed, race, poverty, educational attainment, and early family characteristics significantly shaped women’s work careers. Work–family opportunities and constraints also were related to women's work hours, as were a woman’s gendered beliefs and expectations. We conclude that women's employment pathways are a product of both their resources and changing social environment as well as individual agency. Significantly, we point to social stratification, gender ideologies, and work–family constraints, all working in concert, as key explanations for how women are "tracked" onto work pathways from an early age.
Bibliography Citation
Damaske, Sarah and Adrianne Frech. "Women's Work Pathways Across the Life Course." Demography 53,2 (April 2016): 365-391.
3. Damaske, Sarah
Frech, Adrianne
Wething, Hilary
The Life Course of Unemployment: The Timing and Relative Degree of Risk
Damaske, S., Frech, A., & Wething, H. (2023). The Life Course of Unemployment: The Timing and Relative Degree of Risk. Work and Occupations, 0(0).
Also: https://doi.org/10.1177/07308884231162949
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Sage Publications
Keyword(s): Employment; Employment, History; Unemployment

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

We use the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 to identify group-based trajectories of unemployment risk as workers age in the United States. Our novel methodological approach reveals 73% of full-time workers spend much of their 20, 30, and 40 s with a relatively low risk of unemployment. The remaining sizable minority varies in the timing and relative degree of their unemployment risk. Eighteen percent experience early career unemployment risk into their early thirties, well after the transition to adulthood. Chronic unemployment characterizes the labor market experiences of the remaining 9%. When expanding the sample to all workers, we find two key differences: the overall prevalence of unemployment is greater each year for all groups and the distribution of respondents across groups differs, with fewer workers experiencing Lower unemployment and more workers experiencing Early Career or Higher unemployment. Unemployment risk is shaped by experiences of long-term unemployment in young adulthood and early labor market constraints. Moreover, while men and women appear equally at risk of Early career unemployment, men are particularly at risk of Higher unemployment. Black workers were significantly more likely to be at risk of Higher unemployment, but only slightly more likely to be at risk of Early career unemployment. Since Early career unemployment risk gives way to steadier work for most, this suggests that some men and some Black workers face disproportionately high levels of employment precarity. Our findings point to the importance of a life course approach for understanding the relationship between unemployment and labor market precarity.
Bibliography Citation
Damaske, Sarah, Adrianne Frech and Hilary Wething. "The Life Course of Unemployment: The Timing and Relative Degree of Risk." Damaske, S., Frech, A., & Wething, H. (2023). The Life Course of Unemployment: The Timing and Relative Degree of Risk. Work and Occupations, 0(0).
4. Frech, Adrianne
Damaske, Sarah
Men's Income Trajectories and Physical and Mental Health at Midlife
American Journal of Sociology 124,5 (March 2019): 1372-1412.
Also: https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/full/10.1086/702775
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Keyword(s): Health, Mental/Psychological; Health/Health Status/SF-12 Scale; Income; Mobility, Economic

Using time-varying, prospectively measured income in a nationally representative sample of baby-boomer men (the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 1979), the authors identify eight group-based trajectories of income between ages 25 and 49 and use multinomial treatment models to describe the associations between group-based income trajectories and mental and physical health at midlife. The authors find remarkable rigidity in income trajectories: less than 25% of the sample experiences significant upward or downward mobility between ages 25 and 49, and most who move remain or move into poverty. Men's physical and mental health at age 50 is strongly associated with their income trajectories, and some upwardly mobile men achieve the same physical and mental health as the highest earning men after adjusting for selection. The worse physical and mental health of men on other income trajectories is largely attributable to their early life disadvantages, health behaviors, and cumulative work experiences.
Bibliography Citation
Frech, Adrianne and Sarah Damaske. "Men's Income Trajectories and Physical and Mental Health at Midlife." American Journal of Sociology 124,5 (March 2019): 1372-1412.
5. Frech, Adrianne
Damaske, Sarah
Men's Work Pathways and Physical and Mental Health at Midlife
Presented: Seattle WA, American Sociological Association Annual Meeting, August 2016
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: American Sociological Association
Keyword(s): Health, Mental/Psychological; Health/Health Status/SF-12 Scale; Labor Force Participation; Life Course; Part-Time Work; Work Hours/Schedule; Work, Atypical

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979, this paper makes two significant contributions to the study of the relationship between men's work and their health at middle age. First, this paper provides the first, to our knowledge, examination of men's longitudinal work pathways using national data and prospective work histories and demonstrates substantial variation in men's work patterns across the life course. We find that the majority of men (just under 80%) work at least 40 hours a week steadily over their twenties, thirties, and early forties. Notably, 20% of men do not follow this standard pattern, suggesting that men's longitudinal workforce participation is much more diverse than is often acknowledged. Second, we find that men's longitudinal work pathways are related to their health at middle age with men who following declining part-time and declining full-time positions experiencing poorer physical and mental health at middle age, although selection into work pathways and characteristics at age 40 account for some of these differences. Our findings suggests that the achievement of steady full-time work may provide long-term health benefits and that access to such stable employment is heavily stratified.
Bibliography Citation
Frech, Adrianne and Sarah Damaske. "Men's Work Pathways and Physical and Mental Health at Midlife." Presented: Seattle WA, American Sociological Association Annual Meeting, August 2016.
6. Frech, Adrianne
Damaske, Sarah
The Relationships between Mothers’ Work Pathways and Physical and Mental Health
Presented: Denver CO, American Sociological Association Annual Meeting, August 2012
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: American Sociological Association
Keyword(s): First Birth; Health, Mental/Psychological; Health/Health Status/SF-12 Scale; Labor Force Participation; Life Course; Maternal Employment

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

We use the NLSY79 to investigate the relationships between mothers’ longitudinal work pathways and health during middle age and find that full-time, continuous employment following a first birth is associated with significantly better health at age forty than part-time work, paid work interrupted by at least three bouts of unemployment, and unpaid work in the home. Part-time workers with little unemployment report significantly better mental and physical health at age forty than mothers experiencing persistent unemployment. These relationships remain after accounting for the unequal selection of more advantaged mothers into fulltime, continuous employment, and are in part attributable to pre-work pathway characteristics such as cognitive ability, single parenthood, and age at first birth. Findings support our hypotheses that full-time, continuous work is associated with better physical and mental health net of the characteristics that select mothers into work, and for some, net of the socioeconomic resources that continuous work provides.
Bibliography Citation
Frech, Adrianne and Sarah Damaske. "The Relationships between Mothers’ Work Pathways and Physical and Mental Health." Presented: Denver CO, American Sociological Association Annual Meeting, August 2012.
7. Frech, Adrianne
Damaske, Sarah
The Relationships between Mothers’ Work Pathways and Physical and Mental Health
Journal of Health and Social Behavior 53,4 (December 2012): 396-412.
Also: http://hsb.sagepub.com/content/53/4/396.abstract
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: American Sociological Association
Keyword(s): First Birth; Health, Mental/Psychological; Health/Health Status/SF-12 Scale; Labor Force Participation; Life Course; Maternal Employment

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

We contribute to research on the relationships between gender, work, and health by using longitudinal, theoretically driven models of mothers’ diverse work pathways and adjusting for unequal selection into these pathways. Using the National Longitudinal Study of Youth-1979 (N = 2,540), we find full-time, continuous employment following a first birth is associated with significantly better health at age 40 than part-time work, paid work interrupted by unemployment, and unpaid work in the home. Part-time workers with little unemployment report significantly better health at age 40 than mothers experiencing persistent unemployment. These relationships remain after accounting for the unequal selection of more advantaged mothers into full-time, continuous employment, suggesting full-time workers benefit from cumulating advantages across the life course and reiterating the need to disentangle health benefits associated with work from those associated with pre-pregnancy characteristics.
Bibliography Citation
Frech, Adrianne and Sarah Damaske. "The Relationships between Mothers’ Work Pathways and Physical and Mental Health." Journal of Health and Social Behavior 53,4 (December 2012): 396-412.
8. Frech, Adrianne
Damaske, Sarah
Ohler, Adrienne
The Life Course of Unemployment and Midlife Health
Journal of Aging and Health published online (6 May 2022): DOI: 10.1177/08982643221091775
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Sage Publications
Keyword(s): Health, Mental/Psychological; Health/Health Status/SF-12 Scale; Unemployment

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Objectives: We estimate associations between unemployment trajectories from ages 27-49 and physical and mental health at age 50.

Methods: Data are from the U.S. National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 1979 (N=6434). Group-based trajectory models are used to identify unemployment trajectories. Generalized linear models with a modified Bolck, Croon, and Hagenaars (BCH) correction are used to regress health on unemployment trajectory groups.

Results: We identified "Consistently Low (70%)," "Decreasing Mid-Career (18%)," and "Persistently High (12%)" unemployment trajectories. Experiencing Decreasing Mid-Career or Persistently High trajectories was associated with worse physical and mental health at age 50 than Consistently Low trajectories. Experiencing a Persistently High trajectory was associated with worse physical and mental health than a Decreasing Mid-Career trajectory.

Bibliography Citation
Frech, Adrianne, Sarah Damaske and Adrienne Ohler. "The Life Course of Unemployment and Midlife Health." Journal of Aging and Health published online (6 May 2022): DOI: 10.1177/08982643221091775.
9. Frech, Adrianne
Lankes, Jane
Damaske, Sarah
Ohler, Adrienne
The Myth of Men’s Stable, Continuous Labor Force Attachment: Multitrajectories of U.S. Baby Boomer Men’s Employment
Socius published online (9 September 2023).
Also: https://doi.org/10.1177/23780231231197031
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Sage Publications
Keyword(s): Baby Boomer; Employment; Employment, History; Employment, Intermittent/Precarious; Employment, Stable/Continuous; Gender Attitudes/Roles; Labor Force Participation; Unemployment; Unemployment Duration; Work Histories; Work History; Work Reentry

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Over the past several decades, U.S. men's paid work has transformed from a state of high stability and continuity to a state of increased instability and precarity. Despite this, full-time employment throughout adulthood remains the presumed standard for modern American men. The authors investigated the diversity of men's workforce experiences using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (National Longitudinal Survey of Youth - 1979 cohort) and identified six multitrajectories of men's time spent employed, unemployed, and out of the labor force from ages 27 to 49. The authors identified one multitrajectory of steady work, three of increasing unemployment or time out of work, one of increasing steady work, and one of intermittent work. Contrary to conventional assumptions, only 41 percent of men followed a trajectory of continuous, high employment over the duration of their prime earning years. This suggests that most men do not achieve the "ideal worker norm," raising implications for how research and policy conceptualize men's work experiences.
Bibliography Citation
Frech, Adrianne, Jane Lankes, Sarah Damaske and Adrienne Ohler. "The Myth of Men’s Stable, Continuous Labor Force Attachment: Multitrajectories of U.S. Baby Boomer Men’s Employment." Socius published online (9 September 2023).
10. Frech, Adrianne
Painter, Matthew A.
Vespa, Jonathan Edward
Marital Biography and Mothers' Wealth
Journal of Family and Economic Issues 38,2 (June 2017): 279-292.
Also: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10834-016-9508-1
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Springer
Keyword(s): Divorce; First Birth; Marital History/Transitions; Marriage; Mothers; Wealth

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

We used over 20 years of data to estimate differences in mothers' wealth across marital biography, following a marital first birth. Our study is the first to account for the selection of mothers into divorce or remarriage when estimating the role that marital history plays in wealth accumulation. Mothers who remained stably married to the biological father of their firstborn child reported greater wealth in their forties than mothers who divorced and did not remarry. Those who married at younger ages, women of color, and women from lower-income families were less likely to remain stably married. Net of selection, mothers who remained remarried had the same wealth as continuously married mothers. Thus the characteristics that predispose mothers to divorce, and not divorce per se, are linked to lower wealth. Once these selection effects were accounted for, we concluded that divorce was not necessarily detrimental to mothers’ economic security, a new finding that contradicts past studies.
Bibliography Citation
Frech, Adrianne, Matthew A. Painter and Jonathan Edward Vespa. "Marital Biography and Mothers' Wealth." Journal of Family and Economic Issues 38,2 (June 2017): 279-292.
11. Frech, Adrianne
Painter, Matthew A.
Vespa, Jonathan Edward
Marital Biography and Women's Wealth
Presented: Washington DC, Population Association of America Annual Meeting, March-April 2016
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Population Association of America
Keyword(s): Divorce; Marital History/Transitions; Remarriage; Wealth

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Marriage is wealth-enhancing and divorce is wealth depleting. But unequal selection into divorce or remarriage complicates any causal associations between marital biography and wealth. We use over twenty years of data from the NLSY79 to estimate wealth by marital biography among ever-married mothers, adjusting for unequal selection into divorce or remarriage. Women who remained stably married to the biological father of their firstborn child reported greater wealth in their forties than women who divorced and did not remarry. Women who married at younger ages, women of color, and women from lower-income families were less likely to remain stably married. But net of selection, remarriage did not carry a wealth penalty: women who remarried and remained married at age forty did not report less wealth than stably married women, demonstrating that a single divorce is not necessarily wealth depleting at midlife.
Bibliography Citation
Frech, Adrianne, Matthew A. Painter and Jonathan Edward Vespa. "Marital Biography and Women's Wealth." Presented: Washington DC, Population Association of America Annual Meeting, March-April 2016.
12. Painter, Matthew A. II
Frech, Adrianne
Williams, Kristi
Nonmarital Fertility, Union History, and Women's Wealth
Demography 52,1 (February 2015): 153-182.
Also: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13524-014-0367-9
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Population Association of America
Keyword(s): Age at First Birth; Childbearing, Premarital/Nonmarital; Cohabitation; Fertility; First Birth; Marital Stability; Marital Status; Racial Differences; Wealth

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

We use more than 20 years of data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 to examine wealth trajectories among mothers following a nonmarital first birth. We compare wealth according to union type and union stability, and we distinguish partners by biological parentage of the firstborn child. Net of controls for education, race/ethnicity, and family background, single mothers who enter into stable marriages with either a biological father or stepfather experience significant wealth advantages over time (more than $2,500 per year) relative to those who marry and divorce, cohabit, or remain unpartnered. Sensitivity analyses adjusting for unequal selection into marriage support these findings and demonstrate that race (but not ethnicity) and age at first birth structure mothers' access to later marriage. We conclude that not all single mothers have equal access to marriage; however, marriage, union stability, and paternity have distinct roles for wealth accumulation following a nonmarital birth.
Bibliography Citation
Painter, Matthew A. II, Adrianne Frech and Kristi Williams. "Nonmarital Fertility, Union History, and Women's Wealth." Demography 52,1 (February 2015): 153-182.
13. Peace, Jordan
Pooleri, Anand
Frech, Adrianne
Tumin, Dmitry
Socioeconomic Characteristics Associated With the Development of Chronic Pain After Pain Interference Experienced in Early Adulthood
PubMed published online (November 2023).
Also: https://journals.lww.com/clinicalpain/fulltext/2023/11000/socioeconomic_characteristics_associated_with_the.8.aspx
Cohort(s): NLSY97
Publisher: National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)
Keyword(s): Educational Attainment; Ethnic Groups/Ethnicity; Gender; Health Factors; Obesity; Pain History; Pain Interference; Pain Onset; Pain Persistence; Pain, Chronic

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Objective: Predictors of pain persistence have been identified among patients undergoing treatment for chronic pain or related conditions, but correlates of pain persistence in the general population remain underexplored. We identify socioeconomic variables associated with pain onset or persistence over a 6 to 10 year period in a nationally representative cohort.

Methods: Using panel data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth-1997, we examined the presence of pain interference at age 29 and chronic pain at ages 35 to 39. Persistent pain was defined as pain present at both interview time points; new-onset pain was defined as pain not reported at age 29, but present at ages 35 to 39; and transient pain was defined as experiencing pain interference at age 29 with no report of chronic pain at ages 35 to 39.

Results: Based on a sample of 6188 participants, we estimated that 4% experienced persistent pain, 11% experienced transient pain, and 7% experienced new-onset pain. Pain persistence was less likely among non-Hispanic Black respondents but more likely among formerly married respondents and those with poor health, health-related work limitation, or greater pain interference at the age 29 baseline. New-onset pain was most likely among female respondents, respondents with some college education, and respondents with poor self-rated health or obesity at baseline.

Discussion: Development of chronic pain by the mid-late 30s was common among young adults experiencing pain interference at age 29. Race/ethnicity, gender, and educational attainment exhibited different associations with persistence as compared with new onset of pain problems.

Bibliography Citation
Peace, Jordan, Anand Pooleri, Adrianne Frech and Dmitry Tumin. "Socioeconomic Characteristics Associated With the Development of Chronic Pain After Pain Interference Experienced in Early Adulthood." PubMed published online (November 2023).
14. Pessin, Lea
Damaske, Sarah
Frech, Adrianne
How Education Shapes Women’s Work and Family Lives Across Race and Ethnicity
Demography 60, 4 (August 2023): 1207-1233.
Also: https://www.jstor.org/stable/48737349
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Population Association of America
Keyword(s): College Education; Education; Education, Higher; Education, Postsecondary; Educational Attainment; Ethnic Groups/Ethnicity; Life Course; Part-Time Work; Racial Studies; Women; Women, Black; Women, Latina; Women, White

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Drawing on life course and intersectional approaches, this study examines how education shapes the intertwined domains of work and family across race and ethnicity. By applying multichannel sequence analysis and cluster analysis to the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979, we identify a typology of life course trajectories of work and family and test for the interactive associations of race and ethnicity with college education for different trajectory types. While our results show statistically significant and often sizable education effects across racial and ethnic groups for most of the work–family clusters, they also suggest that the size and direction of the education effect vary widely across groups. Educational attainment plays an outsize role in shaping Black women’s work−family lives, increasing their access to steady work and partnerships, while educational attainment primarily works to increase White women’s participation in part-time work. In contrast, Latina women’s work−family trajectories are less responsive to their educational attainment. In combination, the racialized role of education and persistent racial and ethnic gaps across the education distribution yield unequal patterns in work−family strategies among Black, Latina, and White women.
Bibliography Citation
Pessin, Lea, Sarah Damaske and Adrianne Frech. "How Education Shapes Women’s Work and Family Lives Across Race and Ethnicity." Demography 60, 4 (August 2023): 1207-1233.
15. Pessin, Lee
Damaske, Sarah
Frech, Adrianne
How Race and Class Shape Women's Work and Family Lives From Early Adulthood to Midlife
Presented: Denver CO, Population Association of America Annual Meeting, April 2018
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Population Association of America
Keyword(s): Family Influences; Family Size; Labor Force Participation; Marital Status; Racial Differences; Socioeconomic Status (SES)

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Cumulative individual patterns of employment and family transitions have long lasting consequences for women's later-life financial security and health. Yet, despite an established consensus that race and class predict different patterns of either work or family, little is known about how these predictors jointly intersect in influencing women's work-family trajectories. In this article, we study how race and class shape the interrelationship between labor force attachment and family events -- number of children and partnership status -- during women's life courses, from early adulthood to midlife. We apply multichannel sequence analysis to data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY79) to examine longitudinal work-family trajectories for Black, Hispanic, and white women between the ages of 18 to 45. By revealing distinctive features of the work-family interplay, our analysis highlights the joint roles of race and class in shaping women's work and family decisions.
Bibliography Citation
Pessin, Lee, Sarah Damaske and Adrianne Frech. "How Race and Class Shape Women's Work and Family Lives From Early Adulthood to Midlife." Presented: Denver CO, Population Association of America Annual Meeting, April 2018.
16. Pooleri, Anand
Yeduri, Rishita
Horne, Gabrielle
Frech, Adrianne
Tumin, Dmitry
Pain Interference in Young Adulthood and Work Participation
PAIN published online (30 August 2022): DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002769.
Also: https://journals.lww.com/pain/Abstract/9900/Pain_interference_in_young_adulthood_and_work.168.aspx
Cohort(s): NLSY97
Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Keyword(s): Exits; Health, Chronic Conditions; Labor Force Participation

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Chronic pain is associated with reduced work participation, but longitudinal data on the work impact of chronic pain are limited. We used data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth-1997 cohort to analyze how pain interference in early adulthood was associated with subsequent exit from the labor force in a longitudinal survey. Pain interference at age 29 and employment status were self-reported at subsequent biennial interviews. Exit from the labor force, return to employment, and development of new health-related work limitations after age 29 were analyzed using survival analysis methods. Among 5,819 respondents, 10% and 3% endorsed "a little" or "a lot" of pain interference at age 29, respectively. During follow-up (median of 26 months until censoring or labor force exit), 43% of respondents had exited the labor force at least once, and 10% developed a new work-related health limitation. The highest pain interference group (compared to no pain interference) had higher hazard of labor force exit (hazard ratio, HR: 1.26; 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.01, 1.57; p=0.044) and of developing new health-related work limitations (HR: 2.45; 95% CI: 1.64, 3.67; p<0.001), with similar results for the group experiencing "a little" pain interference at age 29. In this nationally representative cohort, any level of pain interference reported at age 29 was found to predict increased hazards of subsequent labor force exit and health-related work limitation. Early identification and treatment of pain problems among young workers can help reduce burdens of future unemployment and disability.
Bibliography Citation
Pooleri, Anand, Rishita Yeduri, Gabrielle Horne, Adrianne Frech and Dmitry Tumin. "Pain Interference in Young Adulthood and Work Participation." PAIN published online (30 August 2022): DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002769.
17. Sassler, Sharon
Williams, Kristi
Addo, Fenaba
Frech, Adrianne
Cooksey, Elizabeth C.
Family Structure and High School Graduation: How Children Born to Unmarried Mothers Fare
Genus: Journal of Population Sciences 69,2 (2013): 1-33.
Also: http://scistat.cilea.it/index.php/genus/article/view/501/254
Cohort(s): NLSY79, NLSY79 Young Adult
Publisher: Universita Degli Studi Di Roma "La Sapienza"
Keyword(s): Adolescent Fertility; Age at Birth; Cohabitation; Fertility; High School Completion/Graduates; Marital History/Transitions; Marital Status; Parents, Single

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

We examine whether the union transitions of unmarried mothers into marriage or cohabitation during their children's youth are associated with their offspring's likelihood of graduating from high school by age 20. Data are from the linked Children and Young Adult sample of the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY79), which enables us to extend the growing body of research on the intergenerational reproduction of family structure and well-being in the United States
Bibliography Citation
Sassler, Sharon, Kristi Williams, Fenaba Addo, Adrianne Frech and Elizabeth C. Cooksey. "Family Structure and High School Graduation: How Children Born to Unmarried Mothers Fare." Genus: Journal of Population Sciences 69,2 (2013): 1-33.
18. Sassler, Sharon
Williams, Kristi
Addo, Fenaba
Frech, Adrianne
Cooksey, Elizabeth C.
Maternal Union Status and Youth Educational Attainment: Does Age at Birth Matter?
Presented: Paris, France, EUCCONET/Society For Longitudinal And Life Course Studies International Conference, October 2012
Cohort(s): NLSY79, NLSY79 Young Adult
Publisher: Society for Longitudinal and Life Course Studies
Keyword(s): Adolescent Fertility; Age at Birth; Cohabitation; Fertility; High School Completion/Graduates; Marital History/Transitions; Marital Status; Parents, Single

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

In 2008, 41% of all births in the United States occurred outside of marriage. Children born to unmarried mothers are often disadvantaged in young adulthood, including being less likely to graduate high school. In recent years, the age composition of mothers has changed; teen births declined substantially, and non-marital births are now most heavily concentrated among women in their twenties. This paper examines whether maternal age at birth differentiates the educational outcomes of children, and if this varies by maternal marital status. Data are from the linked Children and Young Adult sample of the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY79). We find significant differences in the likelihood of high school graduation among youth born to a never-married versus a married mother. These disparities remain even after including controls for maternal age at birth, as well as social and economic characteristics of mothers prior to the birth. The marital status gap in the likelihood of graduating from high school among youth born to older mothers is far narrower than for youth whose mothers were either teenagers or in their early 20s when they were born, though this finding is limited to white youth. Impacts for racial educational disparities are discussed.
Bibliography Citation
Sassler, Sharon, Kristi Williams, Fenaba Addo, Adrianne Frech and Elizabeth C. Cooksey. "Maternal Union Status and Youth Educational Attainment: Does Age at Birth Matter?" Presented: Paris, France, EUCCONET/Society For Longitudinal And Life Course Studies International Conference, October 2012.
19. Semaan, Karen
Frech, Adrianne
Tumin, Dmitry
Reciprocal Association Between Chronic Pain and Health Insurance Type in a Population-Based Longitudinal Cohort Study
The Journal of Pain published online (3 March 2024).
Also: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2024.02.017
Cohort(s):
Publisher: Elsevier
Keyword(s): Insurance; Insurance, Health; Labor Force Participation; Midlife Health; Midlife/Middle Aged; Pain, Chronic; Underinsured (Health Insurance)

Chronic pain is a widespread condition limiting adults’ daily activities and labor force participation. In the US, withdrawal from the workforce could be associated with loss of health insurance coverage, while lack of health insurance coverage can limit access to diagnosis and management of chronic health conditions. We used a longitudinal cohort study of middle-aged adults to investigate whether chronic pain is reciprocally associated with coverage by any insurance and type of insurance coverage over a 2-year period (2018 and 2020). Among 5,137 participants (median age of 57 years in 2018), 29% reported chronic pain in either year, while 9-10% were uninsured each year. Using multivariable cross-lagged logistic regression analysis, chronic pain in 2018 was not associated with having any insurance coverage in 2020, and lack of coverage in 2018 was not associated with chronic pain in 2020. In further analysis, we determined that public coverage, other (non-private) coverage, or no coverage in 2018 were associated with increased risk of chronic pain in 2020; while chronic pain in 2018 increased the risk of coverage by public rather than private insurance 2 years later, as well as risk of coverage by other (non-private) payors. The reciprocal association of non-private insurance coverage and chronic pain may be related to insufficient access to chronic pain treatment among publicly insured adults, or qualification for public insurance based on disability among adults with chronic pain. These results demonstrate that accounting for type of health insurance coverage is critical when predicting chronic pain in US populations.
Bibliography Citation
Semaan, Karen, Adrianne Frech and Dmitry Tumin. "Reciprocal Association Between Chronic Pain and Health Insurance Type in a Population-Based Longitudinal Cohort Study." The Journal of Pain published online (3 March 2024).
20. Tumin, Dmitry
Frech, Adrianne
Lynch, Jamie L.
Raman, Vidya T.
Bhalla, Tarun
Tobias, Joseph D.
Weight Gain Trajectory and Pain Interference in Young Adulthood: Evidence from a Longitudinal Birth Cohort Study
Pain Medicine 21,3 (March 2020): 439-447.
Also: https://doi.org/10.1093/pm/pnz184
Cohort(s): NLSY97
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Keyword(s): Body Mass Index (BMI); Health, Chronic Conditions; Health/Health Status/SF-12 Scale; Obesity; Transition, Adulthood

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Objective: Obesity is associated with chronic pain, but the contribution of body mass index (BMI) trajectories over the life course to the onset of pain problems remains unclear. We retrospectively analyzed how BMI trajectories during the transition to adulthood were associated with a measure of pain interference obtained at age 29 in a longitudinal birth cohort study.

Methods: Data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 1997 Cohort (follow-up from 1997 to 2015), were used to determine BMI trajectories from age 14 to 29 via group trajectory modeling. At age 29, respondents described whether pain interfered with their work inside and outside the home over the past four weeks (not at all, a little, or a lot). Multivariable ordinal logistic regression was used to evaluate pain interference according to BMI trajectory and study covariates.

Conclusions: Obesity and rapid weight gain during the transition to adulthood were associated with higher risk of pain interference among young adults.

Bibliography Citation
Tumin, Dmitry, Adrianne Frech, Jamie L. Lynch, Vidya T. Raman, Tarun Bhalla and Joseph D. Tobias. "Weight Gain Trajectory and Pain Interference in Young Adulthood: Evidence from a Longitudinal Birth Cohort Study." Pain Medicine 21,3 (March 2020): 439-447.
21. Williams, Kristi
Addo, Fenaba
Frech, Adrianne
Family Structure and Outcomes in Emerging Adulthood: How Children Born to Unwed Mothers Fare
Presented: Washington, DC, Population Association of America Annual Meetings, March 31-April 2, 2011
Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79, NLSY79 Young Adult
Publisher: Population Association of America
Keyword(s): Adolescent Fertility; Bias Decomposition; CESD (Depression Scale); Cohabitation; Coresidence; Educational Outcomes; Family Structure; Intergenerational Patterns/Transmission; Marital Status; Mothers, Adolescent; Parents, Single; Pregnancy, Adolescent

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Research indicates that being raised in a family that does not include both biological parents is associated with a range of poor outcomes in childhood. This literature has focused primarily on children in divorced families. Less is known about the well-being of children born to single mothers, especially when they reach young adulthood. This paper explores how young adults born to single mothers fare in young adulthood, focusing on high school graduating and teen parenthood. Data are from the linked Children and Young Adult sample of the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY79). We find significant differences in the likelihood of graduating from high school and experiencing a teen birth for those born to a never-married versus a married mother. Among those born to single mothers, there are few differences between those who remain in stable, single mother families and those whose mothers marry or cohabit.
Bibliography Citation
Williams, Kristi, Fenaba Addo and Adrianne Frech. "Family Structure and Outcomes in Emerging Adulthood: How Children Born to Unwed Mothers Fare." Presented: Washington, DC, Population Association of America Annual Meetings, March 31-April 2, 2011.
22. Williams, Kristi
Sassler, Sharon
Addo, Fenaba
Frech, Adrianne
First-birth Timing, Marital History, and Women's Health at Midlife
Journal of Health and Social Behavior 56,4 (December 2015): 514-533.
Also: http://hsb.sagepub.com/content/56/4/514.abstract
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: American Sociological Association
Keyword(s): Adolescent Fertility; First Birth; Health/Health Status/SF-12 Scale; Marital History/Transitions; Propensity Scores; Racial Differences

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Despite evidence that first-birth timing influences women's health, the role of marital status in shaping this association has received scant attention. Using multivariate propensity score matching, we analyze data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 to estimate the effect of having a first birth in adolescence (prior to age 20), young adulthood (ages 20-24), or later ages (ages 25-35) on women's midlife self-assessed health. Findings suggest that adolescent childbearing is associated with worse midlife health compared to later births for black women but not for white women. Yet, we find no evidence of health advantages of delaying first births from adolescence to young adulthood for either group. Births in young adulthood are linked to worse health than later births among both black and white women. Our results also indicate that marriage following a nonmarital adolescent or young adult first birth is associated with modestly worse self-assessed health compared to remaining unmarried.
Bibliography Citation
Williams, Kristi, Sharon Sassler, Fenaba Addo and Adrianne Frech. "First-birth Timing, Marital History, and Women's Health at Midlife." Journal of Health and Social Behavior 56,4 (December 2015): 514-533.
23. Williams, Kristi
Sassler, Sharon
Frech, Adrianne
Addo, Fenaba
Cooksey, Elizabeth C.
Mothers’ Union Histories and the Mental and Physical Health of Adolescents Born to Unmarried Mothers
Journal of Health and Social Behavior 54,3 (September 2013): 278-295.
Also: http://hsb.sagepub.com/content/54/3/278.abstract
Cohort(s): NLSY79, NLSY79 Young Adult
Publisher: American Sociological Association
Keyword(s): Adolescent Health; Age at Birth; CESD (Depression Scale); Cohabitation; Depression (see also CESD); Fertility; Health Factors; Marital History/Transitions; Marital Status; Parents, Single

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

As nonmarital childbearing becomes a dominant pathway to family formation, understanding its long-term consequences for children’s well-being is increasingly important. Analysis of linked mother-child data from the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth indicates a negative association of having been born to a never-married mother with adolescent self-assessed health but not with depressive symptoms. We also consider the role of mothers’ subsequent union histories in shaping the adolescent health outcomes of youth born to unmarried mothers. With two exceptions, unmarried mothers’ subsequent unions appear to have little consequence for the health of their offspring during adolescence. Adolescents whose mothers subsequently married and remained with their biological fathers reported better health, yet adolescents whose mothers continuously cohabited with their biological fathers without subsequent marriage reported worse adolescent mental health compared with adolescents whose mothers remained continually unpartnered.
Bibliography Citation
Williams, Kristi, Sharon Sassler, Adrianne Frech, Fenaba Addo and Elizabeth C. Cooksey. "Mothers’ Union Histories and the Mental and Physical Health of Adolescents Born to Unmarried Mothers." Journal of Health and Social Behavior 54,3 (September 2013): 278-295.
24. Williams, Kristi
Sassler, Sharon
Frech, Adrianne
Addo, Fenaba
Cooksey, Elizabeth C.
Nonmarital Childbearing, Union History, and Women’s Health at Midlife
American Sociological Review 76,3 (June 2011): 465-486.
Also: http://asr.sagepub.com/content/76/3/465.abstract
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: American Sociological Association
Keyword(s): Adolescent Fertility; Age at First Birth; Cohabitation; Fertility; Health Factors; Health/Health Status/SF-12 Scale; Marital Status; Mothers, Health; Parents, Single; Propensity Scores

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Despite high rates of nonmarital childbearing in the United States, little is known about the health of women who have nonmarital births. We use data from the NLSY79 to examine differences in age 40 self-assessed health between women who had a premarital birth and those whose first birth occurred within marriage. We then differentiate women with a premarital first birth according to their subsequent union histories and estimate the effect of marrying or cohabiting versus remaining never-married on midlife self-assessed health. We pay particular attention to the paternity status of a mother’s partner and the stability of marital unions. To partially address selection bias, we employ multivariate propensity score techniques. Results suggest that premarital childbearing is negatively associated with midlife health for white and black women, but not for Hispanic women. We find no evidence that the negative health consequences of nonmarital childbearing are mitigated by either marriage or cohabitation for black women. For other women, only enduring marriage to the child’s biological father is associated with better health than remaining unpartnered. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
Bibliography Citation
Williams, Kristi, Sharon Sassler, Adrianne Frech, Fenaba Addo and Elizabeth C. Cooksey. "Nonmarital Childbearing, Union History, and Women’s Health at Midlife." American Sociological Review 76,3 (June 2011): 465-486.
25. Williams, Kristi
Sassler, Sharon
Frech, Adrianne
Cooksey, Elizabeth C.
Mother's Union History and the Health of Children Born to Single Mothers
Presented: Dallas, TX, Population Association of America Meetings, April 2010
Cohort(s): NLSY79, NLSY79 Young Adult
Publisher: Population Association of America
Keyword(s): Age at Birth; Armed Forces Qualifications Test (AFQT); Bias Decomposition; CESD (Depression Scale); Cohabitation; Depression (see also CESD); Health Factors; Health, Mental/Psychological; Health/Health Status/SF-12 Scale; Marital Status; Marriage; Parental Influences; Parents, Single; Unions

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Using data from the NLSY79 linked mother-child files, we examine whether children born to single mothers who marry or cohabit have better (or worse) psychological and physical health outcomes in early adulthood than those whose mothers remained unmarried. We limit our analysis to first-born children who were born to and lived with a single mother and distinguish mothers' union histories by marital and cohabitation status, dissolution status of the union, and paternity status of partner. Preliminary results indicate that, on average, children born to single mothers receive few mental or physical health benefits in young adulthood if their mothers subsequently marry or cohabit vs. remain unpartnered.
Bibliography Citation
Williams, Kristi, Sharon Sassler, Adrianne Frech and Elizabeth C. Cooksey. "Mother's Union History and the Health of Children Born to Single Mothers." Presented: Dallas, TX, Population Association of America Meetings, April 2010.