Search Results

Author: Kiker, B. F.
Resulting in 4 citations.
1. Blakemore, Arthur E.
Hunt, Janet C.
Kiker, B. F.
Collective Bargaining and Union Membership Effects on the Wages of Male Youths
Journal of Labor Economics 4,2 (April 1986): 193-211.
Also: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2534819
Cohort(s): Young Men
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Keyword(s): Behavior; Collective Bargaining; Job Training; Unions; Wages, Young Men

The primary objective of this paper is to demonstrate that the union-nonunion wage differential is a function of two effects. The bargaining effect indicates the differential between the wage received by a nonunion member of a collective bargaining unit and the wage received by a comparably productive individual in the absence of collective bargaining. The differential arises, in large part, from the bargaining monopoly power of organized labor. The membership effect is the wage differential within a bargaining unit between union and nonunion members. Holding other productivity-affecting factors constant, if this latter effect exists, it may be attributed to a process of socialization and indirect economic benefits which unionism brings to the work place. An important benefit to union members is the receipt of relatively more specific on-the-job training, a necessary inducement to negate the benefits of free riding. A seniority scheme that encourages the payment of wages below the employee's valued contribution to output during his early work-life and greater during later years will benefit workers with relatively long tenure. Such a remuneration scheme will reward one who acquires specific training. The authors find that union members have a 30 to 38 percent wage advantage over comparable nonmembers of a collective bargaining unit. In addition, their analysis indicates that about 11 to 13 percent of this differential can be attributed to the membership (training) effect. In addition, the results of the analysis shed light on the two arguments that union-nonunion wage differences result from quality-adjustment behavior on the part of the employer and the differences are simply a compensation for a lower quality of work environment.
Bibliography Citation
Blakemore, Arthur E., Janet C. Hunt and B. F. Kiker. "Collective Bargaining and Union Membership Effects on the Wages of Male Youths." Journal of Labor Economics 4,2 (April 1986): 193-211.
2. Heath, Julia
Kiker, B. F.
Determinants of Spells of Poverty Following Divorce
Review of Social Economy 50,3 (1992): 305-315.
Also: http://econpapers.repec.org/article/tafrsocec/v_3a50_3ay_3a1992_3ai_3a3_3ap_3a305-15.htm
Cohort(s): Mature Women, Young Women
Publisher: Association for Social Economics
Keyword(s): Divorce; Marital Disruption; Parents, Single; Poverty

Using samples from the NLS Young Women and Mature Women and a two-limit tobit technique, this analysis focuses on marital disruption as a proximate cause of poverty for single mother households. The dependent variable was length of poverty spell after divorce. The results indicate that the strongest and most consistent positive predictor of poverty is number of children, while current market hours and wages were significant negative predictors. In the human capital model, education and job tenure were also significant. The results in the decomposition of the tobit results indicate that for each subsample (by race and age), the majority of the changes in the length of poverty spell were caused by changes in the probability of being thrust into poverty initially, not by changes in length once a woman was classified as poor. Cohorts W, G.
Bibliography Citation
Heath, Julia and B. F. Kiker. "Determinants of Spells of Poverty Following Divorce." Review of Social Economy 50,3 (1992): 305-315.
3. Hunt, Janet C.
Kiker, B. F.
Williams, C. Glyn
The Effect of Type of Union on Member-Nonmember Wage Differentials
Journal of Labor Research 8,1 (March 1987): 59-65.
Also: http://www.springerlink.com/content/745h8mh50651g8p5/
Cohort(s): Young Men
Publisher: John M. Olin Institute at George Mason University
Keyword(s): Collective Bargaining; Local Area Unemployment; Unions; Wage Differentials

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

It has been shown that the union-nonunion wage differential can be decomposed into bargaining and membership effects. A study was conducted to discuss the membership effect and to examine the role of type of union as a factor in wage determination. An empirical model was proposed and data obtained from a sample of 1,065 workers between the ages of 18 and 27 in the 1971 cross-section of the Young Men cohort of the National Longitudinal Survey. Results tended to reaffirm the existence of a membership effect of unions that is separate from a bargaining effect. It also was found that the ability to confer a wage advantage to union members relative to nonmembers depended on the type of bargaining unit. The compensatory aspect of higher wages for unstable work was dominant, particularly among craft workers. The effect of local unemployment rate on wage was ambiguous and generally insignificant.
Bibliography Citation
Hunt, Janet C., B. F. Kiker and C. Glyn Williams. "The Effect of Type of Union on Member-Nonmember Wage Differentials." Journal of Labor Research 8,1 (March 1987): 59-65.
4. Kiker, B. F.
Roberts, R. Blaine
The Durability of Human Capital: Some New Evidence
Economic Inquiry 22,2 (April 1984): 269-281.
Also: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1465-7295.1984.tb00684.x/abstract
Cohort(s): Young Men
Publisher: Western Economic Association International
Keyword(s): Age and Ageing; Human Capital Theory; Job Search; Mobility, Job; Part-Time Work; Schooling; Unemployment; Unions; Variables, Independent - Covariate; Vocational Training; Work History

This paper analyzes the effect of chronological aging, experience, job search, change of job and/or employer, and formal training on the wage growth of a sample of young men. Following the human capital literature, wage growth directly corresponds to human capital and the analysis allows for the assessment of the durability or rate of depreciation of human capital if further investments are not made. The findings suggest that human capital is not very durable, contrary to some previous estimates given in the literature.
Bibliography Citation
Kiker, B. F. and R. Blaine Roberts. "The Durability of Human Capital: Some New Evidence." Economic Inquiry 22,2 (April 1984): 269-281.