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Source: American Journal of Criminal Justice

Resulting in 8 citations.

1.	Kaukinen, Catherine Apel, Robert
1.	The Effect of Variation in Intact Family Forms on Deviant and Antisocial Behavior American Journal of Criminal Justice 42,2 (June 2017): 350-372. Also: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12103-016-9361-7 Cohort(s): NLSY97 Publisher: Springer Keyword(s): Adolescent Behavior; Behavior, Antisocial; Crime; Delinquency/Gang Activity; Family Structure; Parental Influences; Parental Marital Status Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Family form sets the stage for a host of adolescent behavioral outcomes. We draw on research, theory, and methodology from within Criminology, Demography, and Family Sociology to examines the effect of variation in intact family form on antisocial and deviant behavior. We find higher antisocial and deviant behavior among youth residing in households where one of the parents has a child from a previous relationship and the parents are currently married but were cohabiting at the time of the birth of their eldest child.
	Bibliography Citation Kaukinen, Catherine and Robert Apel. "The Effect of Variation in Intact Family Forms on Deviant and Antisocial Behavior." American Journal of Criminal Justice 42,2 (June 2017): 350-372.

2.	Kirchner, EmmaLeigh E. Higgins, George E.
2.	Self-Control and Racial Disparities in Delinquency: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach American Journal of Criminal Justice 39,3 (September 2014): 436-449. Also: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12103-013-9205-7 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Young Adult Publisher: Springer Keyword(s): Behavior Problems Index (BPI); Crime; Delinquency/Gang Activity; Discipline; Expectations/Intentions; Home Observation for Measurement of Environment (HOME); Modeling, Structural Equation; Parent Supervision/Monitoring; Peers/Peer influence/Peer relations; Punishment, Corporal; Racial Differences; Self-Control/Self-Regulation Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. The purpose of the present study is to examine the racial disparities of offending within the context of self-control theory. The study utilized data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY79), to examine this effect. All concepts within self-control theory are examined: parental management, low self-control, and delinquency. Results from the study show partial support for Gottfredson and Hirschiï¿½s (1990) self-control theory. The structure of the theory remained stable when controlling for both race, as well as peer pressure. Both theoretical and policy implications are given.
	Bibliography Citation Kirchner, EmmaLeigh E. and George E. Higgins. "Self-Control and Racial Disparities in Delinquency: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach." American Journal of Criminal Justice 39,3 (September 2014): 436-449.

3.	Mitchell, Ojmarrh Landers, Monica D. Morales, Melissa
3.	The Contingent Effects of Fatherhood on Offending American Journal of Criminal Justice 43,3 (September 2018): 603-626. Also: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12103-017-9418-2 Cohort(s): NLSY97 Publisher: Springer Keyword(s): Alcohol Use; Arrests; Crime; Drug Use; Fatherhood; Fathers, Absence; Fathers, Influence; Fathers, Presence; Modeling, Fixed Effects Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. A growing body of research assesses the relationship between fatherhood and desistance. Qualitative studies typically find fatherhood reduces offending, especially substance use; yet, quantitative studies have produced mixed findings. Guided by life-course theory, this study hypothesizes that fatherhood affects certain kinds of offending and fatherhood's effects on offending are most pronounced among fathers who reside with their child. To test our hypotheses, NLSY97 data are employed along with fixed-effects regression analyses to estimate the relationship between fatherhood and offending, while controlling for time-varying and time-stable competing factors. Periods of fatherhood are associated with reductions in licit and illicit substance use but not other kinds of offending, and these effects are considerably stronger in periods in which fathers resided in the same household as their child. By contrast, residential fatherhood is associated with reductions in property offending and arrest. These results confirm the findings of qualitative research in that fatherhood, particularly residential fatherhood, reduces substance use but has weaker effects on other kinds of deviance.
	Bibliography Citation Mitchell, Ojmarrh, Monica D. Landers and Melissa Morales. "The Contingent Effects of Fatherhood on Offending." American Journal of Criminal Justice 43,3 (September 2018): 603-626.

4.	Quinn, Susan T. Stewart, Megan C.
4.	Examining the Long-Term Consequences of Bullying on Adult Substance Use American Journal of Criminal Justice 43,1 (March 2018): 85-101. Also: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12103-017-9407-5 Cohort(s): NLSY97 Publisher: Springer Keyword(s): Alcohol Use; Bullying/Victimization; Cigarette Use (see Smoking); Drug Use; Substance Use Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Violence is a major concern in the school safety literature. With the potential negative impact of bullying victimization, it is imperative that bullying also be seen as an important social problem that has potential long-term mental and physical health consequences (CDC Surveillance Summaries, 65(6), 1-50, 2016). Numerous studies have documented the negative consequences of bullying in childhood, contending that bullying during childhood can lead to a variety of adulthood problems (Farrington, Loeber, Stallings, & Ttofi Journal of Aggression, Conflict and Peace Research, 3(2), 74-81, 2011; Rigby, 2007). Fewer studies have examined the long-term consequences of childhood bullying on adult substance use. This study uses Bureau of Labor Statistics' National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (1997) data to examine the association between school-aged bullying (under the age of 19) and adult alcohol, cigarette, and drug use (using Wave 10 from 2007).
	Bibliography Citation Quinn, Susan T. and Megan C. Stewart. "Examining the Long-Term Consequences of Bullying on Adult Substance Use." American Journal of Criminal Justice 43,1 (March 2018): 85-101.

5.	Schroeder, Ryan D. Higgins, George E. Mowen, Thomas
5.	Maternal Attachment Trajectories and Criminal Offending By Race American Journal of Criminal Justice 39,1 (March 2014): 155-171. Also: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12103-012-9192-0 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Young Adult Publisher: Springer Keyword(s): Child Self-Administered Supplement (CSAS); Crime; Delinquency/Gang Activity; Parent-Child Relationship/Closeness; Racial Differences Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Parental attachment is a key predictor of juvenile offending. Most prior research on the topic, however, assumes that parental attachment is stable throughout youth and adolescence. On the contrary, recent research has established that parenting is a dynamic factor for many youth during adolescence. In the current study, we assess the relationship between trajectories of maternal attachment and offending during adolescence and young adulthood. Following a cohort of 859 youth from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth data aged 10 or 11 over a period of 6 years, we find four distinctive trajectories of maternal attachment and two distinctive trajectories of offending. The results suggest that changes that occur in maternal closeness are linked to changes in offending across adolescence. However, when young adult offending is assessed when the youth are 18 or 19 years of age, we find that adolescent maternal attachment trajectories are not significant predictors of offending.
	Bibliography Citation Schroeder, Ryan D., George E. Higgins and Thomas Mowen. "Maternal Attachment Trajectories and Criminal Offending By Race." American Journal of Criminal Justice 39,1 (March 2014): 155-171.

6.	Tigri, Henry B. Reid, Shannon Turner, Michael G. Devinney, Jennifer M.
6.	Investigating the Relationship Between Gang Membership and Carrying a Firearm: Results from a National Sample American Journal of Criminal Justice 41,2 (June 2016): 168-184. Also: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12103-015-9297-3/fulltext.html Cohort(s): NLSY97 Publisher: Springer Keyword(s): Crime; Delinquency/Gang Activity Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. While there is evidence that gang membership impacts an individual's gun carrying proclivities, existing research has largely focused only on males and at-risk youth. The present study investigates the role of gang membership, peer gang membership, and delinquency on whether individuals carry a firearm using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997. Carrying a firearm was associated with involvement in delinquency, peer gang membership, and respondent gang membership. The association between gang membership and carrying a firearm weakened with age. Few significant differences across categories of sex and race emerged suggesting that the relationship between gang membership and carrying a firearm is equivocal across these groups.
	Bibliography Citation Tigri, Henry B., Shannon Reid, Michael G. Turner and Jennifer M. Devinney. "Investigating the Relationship Between Gang Membership and Carrying a Firearm: Results from a National Sample." American Journal of Criminal Justice 41,2 (June 2016): 168-184.

7.	Walters, Glenn D.
7.	Continuous versus Categorical Models of Delinquency Risk American Journal of Criminal Justice 39,3 (September 2014): 395-410. Also: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12103-013-9235-1 Cohort(s): NLSY97 Publisher: Springer Keyword(s): Delinquency/Gang Activity; Parent Supervision/Monitoring; School Suspension/Expulsion; Substance Use Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Two groups of participants, one a nationally representative sample with roughly equal numbers of male and female participants (N = 8,984) and the other a sample of mostly male adjudicated delinquents (N = 1,354), were used to test whether risk factors for delinquency are organized continuously or categorically. A continuous (variable-centered) model was created using factor scores from a one-factor confirmatory factor analysis and a categorical (person-centered) model was constructed using posterior probabilities from a two-class finite mixture modeling analysis. In both samples the continuous model correlated significantly better with subsequent offending than did the categorical model, a finding that was replicated in males from both samples and in females from the nationally representative sample. The current findings suggest that risk factors are better construed as points along a continuum rather than as properties of distinct groups or types. These results further suggest that the etiology of offending, in the form of risk factors, is general/additive rather than specific/selective. The implications of these results for theory development, clinical practice, and future research are discussed.
	Bibliography Citation Walters, Glenn D. "Continuous versus Categorical Models of Delinquency Risk." American Journal of Criminal Justice 39,3 (September 2014): 395-410.

8.	Walters, Glenn D.
8.	Measuring Low Self-Control and Reactive Criminal Thinking in the NLSY-Child Sample: One Construct or Two? American Journal of Criminal Justice 42,2 (June 2017): 314-328. Also: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs12103-016-9365-3 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79 Publisher: Springer Keyword(s): Attitudes; Behavior Problems Index (BPI); Behavior, Antisocial; Delinquency/Gang Activity; Scale Construction; Self-Control/Self-Regulation Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a behavioral rating measure of low self-control and an attitudinal measure of low self-control can be viewed as measuring the same construct. It was hypothesized that the externalizing scale of the Behavior Problems Index (BPI-Ext), which served as a behavioral rating measure of low self-control in the current study, would display greater similarity to a 6-item self-report of antisocial, but not necessarily delinquent, behavior (SR-AB) measure than it would a 6-item attitudinal self-report measure of low self-control, labeled the reactive criminal thinking (SR-RCT) scale. This study was conducted on a sample of 6280 children (3144 boys, 3136 girls) from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth-Child (NLSY-C). A pair of confirmatory factor analyses revealed that the BPI-Ext and SR-RCT scales appeared to form two distinct constructs. In addition, the BPI-Ext correlated significantly better with the SR-AB than with the SR-RCT and the BPI-Ext and SR-AB achieved moderate negative correlations with measures of attention, concentration, achievement, and general aptitude, whereas the SR-RCT achieved small positive correlations. These results indicate that behavioral and attitudinal measures of low self-control are measuring different constructs, the former impulsive behavior and the latter reactive criminal thinking.
	Bibliography Citation Walters, Glenn D. "Measuring Low Self-Control and Reactive Criminal Thinking in the NLSY-Child Sample: One Construct or Two?" American Journal of Criminal Justice 42,2 (June 2017): 314-328.

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